{_hϣ@dH@jX3.:mu!KL/T6,u{i3UA68߼v,ϱFbkM};w:5{z#~lU*vg*~VUsl[Vujnu-;hl[s6IkξLEs[L?;83ʶexCNP{;.5GZz- 𿴽uN~.+S-{lrݽ<:]'ҽ\?N-dRoL&-k%Nw sOGFlo#y|2:|aOQ-ld<Ŋh)G7[|y䍔)xck;xgyݛ7RcP7$ɿS~k䭞ZѰe?DRQ.>OOƒ$#m^lm^iA$羯w2 Z~0P/nYw(*W3l3g%ݳ-Lߎ 4_^rzB/\oo Igd0{!G?銢^ڧg+Z JOӤqi/:YN ^]Nn+­~|xuk_:_wl_^pcm?iZ'#o7,_]߻?$FF:p`O)37w]özA>9cI7c?W2HXl_GΥ<)XGr,KP;#*^|RY+@TnN9.l?rá<5>D)Osʡ߼iOwOs ߔ-iFWǧc#0}S_`ɽA<|,|͏ɄP ofiq/4᭾8%׏U:=+3}P-pj-m4oӷ s'N#)'z?rM3Z7 ދJ~q'gmQ|ar髜?se[]{JpQ{w|yo+kIEQ E.8P/{|Tvn'd𥞬x?G"r"fɵ/ z~)ɋ+-?R]W~Pm'D"N]:/5۹>OGc{qGað{苛󟰟gDkg{c[Xm"9>'u{{'guF֚]gؿL[cAU+*r<|g9ʩGJ2:uo 3~vwvU83P5\_ޫkG'k|q;Q {t|.`oϓG`dWWHgܶ}x./:{в/o_xxܡe_wvu/:]>po(ןsW{ 6`J'G~AbOQœ0v >W?tG{_Op;8Keݿq|'mHԓߋ'#UMOdA?\;WGsMVzO=ZgO^_WN tp:.mw] y[msL}{=׹'kOtKzTՉb:щ_F_ ըkWѺ8? n}?͘^Xۅ^z6)9tdXF?ipxعZaWOViLks߇๵ǛS\N&OEl\>e ~ziK؞Fl$ǧ~,GM83Et0{;->iムK [oÇw.ڻwvghk9o6?fܚ]?\u'0~Ӗ_OO asBWr&4j$8Γנ?O_o?t6&?]5Nju^*ןW{u<`9gG ezqZ48@ xpNt_m?{LݚGPߤKnP[W b?O:4󉿯\O?1L;9_x(;ǻȓo?zGrzv[KZ帆jX-1Cd>yɓ&?eoB'>Tly84N00n0B.LCgMh/,?WOɾ>[L[E#cxl|P7٠yJX98==_=xf$;Vԙ GĿuٓGP[N[_>ߴc򿉥׉}ipmqݩ~O'WJ8|z|Ӥ:8e3metfc{! 9m G=p۽odro7~N&`G??L<4v^cW Г]? ӳYOʕ{Fet:˂<󢳏 :i14>)޿ܕ]yLӃqb29Y6?l+?͵x9>W3Òv1>^ϬI+=̾\_Ǖg{z[phxz~/Ó7.GOSiʸ)(`M>nvxhQغ|z8tLÃxO?f+s!fO=ο^)ExIp6LԨ2/&GƸV籓&mdgf>xUqcQl9I9yē§>ǥaƍIX\щuzh vIlc˸br\*t7&zbxb\h?v/z^~)Ę{ܚ6<9ܶz2`x:-[5%d_|)?D3t>:Ҷb"fkyK[OQ+I2aY&/5~u%ic.~x?VP|3YWANVތ[16ͻ㸎ӛo闯>l-p|]uRɻ>l?m|yw%o\Y|Ƶoݼo OA_4_<4ۯO?iF3w?ɉt7_ˠ[2wi$~{W? $ZnwNvɩduj?yaTpyGQɶ"{,4qM3KNFNjv;G Z+gq`~}ef54_}%iPæ-=զ!}ί=T$]V/>Dzw5Mۇg̾wzq_v;-wm[a^bzcę~;;On-،k}*7otjrߓ uӓ9jKMOg *AF~dz縕d\oƒ&m(/2''u:{q|+ʤ汽rx@ihv5~_b.U~ٴ 8 &W˷y:wir?9t=45,<xh^lCm_;ǴcZ9nf2=J/0g龎W=:U~Jt[H$'i{|8øO>m7\OxB̰gmZg:xkҟ/O.ε=a=;3_Eml4n6j4h{`LՇ9qn:s L ^x}uzobƗ'ǃ/0?iO9mMN^/U4N&,"?_qbpѿ1Y|\Gwq⿅dw?R?X2<$x_(\<۽ȏGe.&5IIvi:)N 7́E_ 6/{npwpv7o62qIn?b 9~<.WgZX>3emq|Oneg{C;(Dmxv#yx|1J]]o%ro J|1\ϴ.>ϝo/;kGvB]*N^yCYe.'Me2wݩuKqs+q|<w˃^y^κ{ڷs<\i] q]\U6ڕA{|[hlOלT`zֵfPR睂{pN Þ}u+V* o/蓪#y*p/*Ƨ-R]QOgKZYVbEԗsk> ydl9vQl=LΕ:?定_>fݳQ?_쯽?-\M|~v)fޱWR)6.<;.ivjױZ"Q<Ȩgno6ow6n RUϲW[qwŋo/?,|vKljv{`][ji^Jcpd/γJOoۍ7۞جfWV}qh(oOvrԹݻ,UFp^i o_85 sԽQr7 ^dI,ծLk 󋻍o/S‹XP^X9;(ۧ}\+XM/r޶r]沅ԮsQ+A=uVxj%}'1iPǸ=U:ڠ2Jެ]߷]˶rq/2w_o/7rz)wgkʗ]+wÞnK7ǥ~AQbxQ:7ߊ_>jW_r| uvlnwGJmSmЬ`?9n;.f7ٗĶv}>흺6^)oX=.8T[+]֙}vֶ_t޻^Ώ_2-s evq[?`3'mΏܜ-&3#м(tFFa)JNXw.-SZj_gVu5;qoZq|nz{|>kۻ0ں;{QΝFe9/ϜW2k盩OwǾ2χ{ȸM~:# H2Ķ]KϾg~aAVՎO/ ~J\ovmsB<ߟxslSmxw{V_(M"Wv]Uɦ[W.sy}˫~joPfKZp$uJo[GG_\>e[m9>s~Taso;̦NRi'?=vt63J<7Zhb4RsgwݩP.j66/Jg[gS|{_.݃QNou(K_>oTp+k7wZK]SԚtӧұ޽8[>jUK`k?~xv>^*_ޜ)W•rzzsM4ʵ\ihvt?R;+ǟ^>m}LE\p=|xY~t}v_ToXt޼IlG )RacV|sv{{-9\Yi^ܛй\ᄐh[o/ًy\Y+]fNny˿7Ӿmڣ㏟snn ݹr߻LZƵѴ`QˌrVMFl?r}HY6\/vM{ł|hgӖ8es{ّׅ5t{v;r&];{~at۽}Vz;>n6M6:ko.sVvQ۾ΞR;+?;bRWtYwNjg/5J{֕SK%?RZiͩ Wg⦺g^m?MÖɥ>mׅAxƱ;nQdK/Υ]`P;s٭doA}q.s۝̛/c_,}=>5oհpZ*_Fh]KS]̼xq6:IZa\\A'[cq:~NѼ{ocGJu&υF~]VQJ(]5m4]nO??_:OsvM-t͖*lv/~ܦT1j~ّt}Tlגd,_},_r~~ 9wgo&_J_W4%є>*ͽVSlk~R<ԷGp=znޝ=}^Լ:pIƛGѩvpռN^lo,|VӲ6QMčఘ*wgOË~ŕwV8-$p !bRžA(]M]w>Ķt6JE`(ފ㳭 C&+Zl=+GoپH׏{c˵Vrg@((/;Ծ7ūAy~v\s뷛ʛg/AcΆqWP!^$LIfb8=ԧUvaͿAWǓB7.ǽ1=+`#&@KFAa: 13`0!Гf]O2O Iiø|}_ߍ &m:`\|r<.66uvǏgtm0 F0fDMO?dݏ{?X[\qLJϵ| j>?s?twp:~PAX,̤2<}tj(\0Ό뜉g scKM xiCם׉_hG||2 fVLnDM|Bs3LnY_$ZA2sy6;^A kS[ڇ1Ҥ&k3aXq;dcW< Í9]q_#}Q0$[zpUټa%wW3= 8o+#5?i"^xK}*hgrz'ؙD܇3aö8?8=9m;6H-}i[?|ubg_~~/u&N_?~!sm86\ȵg$ǡ)#q?y¿>3/+LNgT{XsϚMiKU{{4E/ǷO[o'W<\ ]|ɕkz*rg^n7  {쟁Iǭr:~P2>0xSvHw–Ĩ%3}xh2 L{~?Afʝ:?)s)?vZEM& O2Z6f{fMŹ Lh\<8֦Q>?$Hn[ӂ$5A<7$qMt6Wayf")Xgs'~Ny4r||taϋ2?GdO{;x8\V;ǯ艙O̩Oh[y-{r6w57clHΓQatz{x m&y8x|xʊSƧ|f|0]\gPʺ}6̇c!Ӎ֧ibSJzxy 3xAm7t/׉?-93f}s箙BCDϦ1YMwdÑ,J'vVS|l䟚+r_̠aRx?E?7;? ;otz?!M?ךj}a?$-d& Ǔ'X|_=`wU[9&AU]n9~799yC1hR Ň7n3oWk?(Xst yY{H=vw6<0v^Sǟf^RiǗOoMݨ/ͫ?Kon?GJ<n[_j!K2xzsstH?^%],$o//_/\WhO.7®IW{zL/u_G >(xGs?x+goU*?nF.?T"3x{Z?nzw[W7GzԿbO쬯 T!Q{zNCo jWhٖy_ڥzG1&wl'6lNѵf5kfQI郗8lYL.f'2"5b̖'%,R?yr,z*u\(ic4+jZU-u%q#t%eJ1ӳ\*H/^CJRZQu^^wfğg`% le0[zYXnD1n9G^"XM,г iFV7ҍ[.='cɪjܰN&gkNq-;>(A~30{SWt* *Rwbq, K' DT)UJX<reVh!Ѯ-?Ur ,FV1w-QvJ7{tiQxH\77W)#w/'ǟ>{q3 DsdXD'Z閗d--'C/Ņ@;Diąb*F@9'BV"L>J)Q$@X"i9?.! X +bx_/SsJVOS .zad3rb2jB,I&?V,H-XXhJi! L7-/VAj ,|t6/Kj^,Q!(WfZ7rrMO+:%2;$%33dsi[V6TJwZi~4@tUEWUH [6 =ZI3TQdEjrR)-"+ctei s2 (ɴѰLLrc7B4 )r7`X00ok-WUn d3r(,\ʊb!H1"a:7DhD -45;;Mxf"A~IT?8N1TvI.$l^s܎0{۔n T^K݇LrbqamA'B/ѰVdXVҽ" k_!ɒF?D ҖV-j!P @ 憾Eaj*^jiϩy̾ Xjš$Rm(H+SB@%݁Х|ƫ2bb[[qG%/0[ljZyѰG4(cZ (o@V3-J\Aْrn[lmŭT՞kHyFca4KG4'װJk7L/My:M`Eu5DOko 1 `%ZM;9'Aʋ¸D!Grjz'IU JY KH^ &|4\l5w5*A Aͷ+v4GdEjrRY㯉DclZ\FJ|UkSQ,(Ѷo~1Es)D[\ geh W _1I#@:GRzY b1vb@,eeRZ\짺kCJMu2"hFs!fqa~)/ ;YY2I zEꃚ\TAN ^ bWK{NMͫfYE1>֛ooۺJY +s!{Mp:vFךT9-.%J=[=6H G׺J(6?켷QjnM1 {!c>:DifK/Eω̯~d|_R7x_>S M!ڐSUjsڊzoiMלJ[EIkU@8eɜdŦ0f@1 nmXۡc٠ߵn;F=)TTqRhEpaʺa80%Śr@+_ s)q@F#bV6?j8+E%uDž|JApBW t麺MxKm`il-\Sŷta#c"}ى/@Ť>ֵF^-Ujh'#?nу 0$xaɩŘ` lHV3"dzҺ~9=UvaGp1.Dh_+if^zi8 'U$.ϋ Ah}A,0h@^OlIT*-x d QX5 @>-e{F(_uDЍd;ߛ| %|I%Ůtcuz Vt?p6\|l!k!vD#j紃G KWRR?yV3Ufs^VzztCcC@4 z A xɜG0 \kHAMXHr"ma,^ibw1rtT%*=bWK{NMͫfE/OiY&\k-1ITnGӊ\Υ:h@HI QĔP ldt0p.DeNI@+@L(20;ng=.7ӺٚS"5!6&?z0-`V[/ӏcL&.eM3yO²(̯ua=PLU ҆$':7jūRJX zhy.uݷzY覤 Hd l" Ridxs:cлrQ,"g}6'VzT*RDyaVzwg`$U^73Hfgh+F8(d+ى{N3W7Runu 1p:Sh5:iE{*DkBVr/9L/՘1+Eꃚ\TAʉBsV)5, _a.D5\]$=XWVt!kB,SA:cW겐(kWUbsi,f.^+9)檙'me&@$+,C@+Me$tGp W' =CE kHcvYqjs X ٱj6am4An.k^lϴZBbPHf*1NvF*LNJ(b {mĂ1 V$&ى'VzT*RLxfC偐x MIlM4ṕ3Xh B0H@jj;kj*jnb̦xns')%%IݶkY@ѭ"k< 2FZoT:m\A~R@oltSQ1z @PB63k4 pf9SJ bd&ulezY *"q/Xdc'xzo;# @\ V̸{͉qABv˟ߎ~m+30"猸:,ʥJ+W+ɇQ8$/ ܈XTnڍn NT2Xx Ck:aI&X ݆io2lj# LI8-grf=]'@vX #`%5YL.f&Zf ,1l{2KȪ+yQJH"  ]=||HlZIm1 "cZTnڍn ?[O ! !meӋVKH }cr_ č1p:ShWfe't~8vZ],eEmny fݒGQ<һ SjFCXFgXͤ3M8i@"Vc-uCKj|tTV+l/vN@"4X0ij^:ռ(ƇEmb 5G/_S2fYnT,TtaM֜0A"Y (if^zB.-.MeD!K&vdYq\{{NlL`U~[$?p*µCנߵn;F=)TTa-:vFךTՄ" $F cD'q]J ̞ݴJ}k9f&اE'u9nhtX `&띜Ō[l/H1 `ܸ-\!X Qԭ 0NjWo󽎕US"(@lw)*.4VC1 "N"hh˶RiGgF-$f>*eޙ}ĕbEV8 7ءk/ DhD p-7lQB4=!h&6C c!Iu\ױR4@JV3[mr@@ȍMdEjrR\^jə?]qB/κZZ5D$"iql^]f)w{9k'/IUxzMpzɎ dqawqWZLwNoB&V7<9-[lekril-AN Yr*B7guszsmX]]vfD!QtRSVFGdJ *!?%+UŸUj7 =;Mpܭp&G0wiJiMnT;%i[rMYZ ++2"h5'p?mz%LE, k3dt=2< |`UkWClGmk Imifw}wN=-rYo^H4i[3؟T!V F.MSWT6I,yX+K|8c󿖖ɉgG b!{(d3ryJa@gˇ]`oI`E;uF@ёh9\Ž)yZZHjNcaѽâLA p$ə@%d6U 2"5b~1"-ZjXC rjVmvf.Hnv#0Ɛ5Y$ybIֿm(XzYWG.#¤{%' ILAZhH/uI%)KA-朑=K$DA`XFU-Hȩ呈DvV{K'O~6yMɕŜyS+4Dr{@ @rbDly9p~jE!XgEm< ZXl?% [>*.]*+ V"XxceѮ'GHm8 h׷ҦYG:Զ6V2X ia,a?A]bqJhZ:޳*:AސąLE=^ V,-H*} BC04R(|%g jAka6Ur"k|@)NC \lVC`'OJNds @JLg+)@Z9jV)?[zsyf\(yb5k%^WxI3, "㡁 BZR72913eyC/y#B,1hwjjèTMAHAMX Pjiϩy̾ KQ#T@vZe!XR&s%ed <3v Y5!g&VMp=d(@$Aِ3!๫:Rv#OU`\[NڐAxm)iI7V:* fa(ϯQSfT;5DTj IV9) h?R2ٮb b!ѽm7WdB.v)Vv;ߦwW7.b]l$0\"c3=yMZO \k֩3֬rͬ&3. b!J\ߪ&띜Ō ˲X (`%wA~=U]+]н>wO_Rpjkp;;)dET$Q)<3GN+^UszSi굛v!6y ;BKoz|5YRr;r:3t!]oWr.(}m cRYQ(if^z,EAC}Bٖ@*`n#DBYΈB8mٕYM, L@APCk: cLBxVcD%, dr5-7_o f@irR`eZJ p zfrڍ']7亮[ѓߔjiP츝q lHqf_3ɲ)@$B4=St9xgg{!afYjzg?gI ȋѴ[b,YVUd_I>U`5%zZf$TQ$i:ibǽ&띜ŌU@來R:M4^Q!Sy&A@MH0cVtoQ=m9F|{< z6Ckؓ& DT9gŦҞSS󪡙}ANF)DQ\Mˍ׃]X`H9~YmiS+݊"@ BV>[үn#@ZyKvx@ lvEqZB %ЫC7VUkj7)"]XbJU|մ5@ŧՙDu]5A+K!$z7~Rn˥~Er:vFךT9fe'iE$K&X;BKp=lU(@UthAaQ>K*sBMp'yAXû3ndƶeSk=zZi8ZSrzɳVsKmh!6=Zsjj^54/(,NIŅI޴(tL= 5s5(6@kh&tU*{mol>JFq^Wř V$ _CI6ѽӚ 1ac'B;iT}d3 Bѳɐ#qfkBkat:H*䮜*iYϦŅGfXhᚩnf,"%j)jy riZZ$uIUk*~ +%@R+0="hP >As?@l)۸NoH tZ@$":J Ŏ`\=[$F@ \"mE·@Ȃl BVZjGV*fmϊ;k[-Gely#.QB6d*#Dubbd(JԩFE66(T䊥 ry>,e$JX@f'cXNC,p-TfCwԈK:<9 j*X@ئ9F&)EK/v{Լjhf߿1;LO%i@Ȯw`]6n8@qtqt]K\a5d_XEM;9'A)⫸e6R=9A_.ƴ<f~P"˩\%Ax]Qj [ѳC zө-4)m% Tt@qBSmgtYMYM՜(̴1#[B\Ք7rb<4X/K=AΦΕT/jFS~k;;qCk:~qp\@D(z$Yٔ29RD};h+n^C7x|yj/m 4ؐ`?ѷєv=wf҂.tV;{xJ֫Ta&:A!pkr^˖oLVT(WQWD'mS*]7nE`H XMFnR)˰UL"(j孥pZ]Bp{okTZ^\VRs_kKSQ+Wә+1]Wć?~9>֩3֬rͬ&H z \AFQ&W,Us~@lqlkǐpjR'wK)f d%eR=Qdaa̠OkhڵADiFYQd}^ tx/z'gv1#JS! h`ᢡYI3둲_/:vZ|o rIt)!{X@r5[fGsvUՊ Qt"a%'Q\o^_8mhc*Xipa"DS[ia{L%V3WgL<Qm"0nW O}ta;:DS Cf*@m ^y#ՓA[ʍz-[q3zۣ#K3x#=%+U XgձMC'N0n7wkD DOF3P%aq0^z<;X@T n{bD0= hJ-@tMo{R6ݹy!ae{rl 5\ƅ{{C zf DhAG!B@>`5Nѵf5kf5AV0(T䊥 rNZΡ`KƢ\d~/2 O 1^b!vǼF GN8@,̀)(UŌvEn;UFWHnO5ˊG2d?ӈ kzY r>/.t$ "h; \dG b[`5wjUoǛz<=^Zhftu/'j[r "ݴnXUpan @7yLm8?`;qAQf:%kb._өxIt zHl9~1bWK{NMͫf [bf5YL.fLE"TT]kVSfV̴* @k;:d],~hJi-"*[PjZ-ov&}+ ^eP圊zZ?'˅YmsUv{;ؐB4BdEa@IbaT93>Y(}x~k]{^-UrٳMtӓ.~Yl9^vnzv,ty/ݗъzGoyKJ( "V8jEMF'eWDWAΊV 0R<;JXI2mjHzRUDfa<3 X4DP bWK{NMͫftJ Y;0 {mUⱘiY'A*!B^Ř%@؄z}PANs:+?ią5+RR6 z7(ƇAo}z@EVBK+x'2WDWM;9'̳[@DZ bF5%`%Fj4:-: X"ayV5yW˖XC"YğB WFiR͊?@ȝ5ד: &HŘ& \JO("# A Eꃚ\qZ~#0Koia&% 3Kr0,3ZZ5ڸ0!8:zeY+b+cHXĠ4nmwaFF\ mmſu;sVYwkqU-e~'+ZL@1 hwiޙ2Nߑvђfex缋BKCs3F߇^-95568@%UKVnq>@h+jAFULV:]ܴdjeY9!9k1;cj-B9}kH(DaֈZLN/Da),5{mU,_Nu{ Tߎn-njX1P$JXY EݫPpE X)p߽7UF/g_~ݾn.nߒbň{M׽eӯTVB*|C;rJ2% PDG^^,i 4vDFzOxջV:77!py吷Wި+xtjF~AI00K/S^,dMtIqZ˒BBzFi ("ޝx3MI:0.([wIV o0୵O7wM]mBmLE{:vݔ߱=x``ۤo7ow>y`O60ųY vSgxU5Tѵx ~nJpm`+j:@n<$BD`, |;Nl+l4ZmEX.oǍڢ4tٷ[>ik6"J9Ƈ@n/d1 pESX7G6`WZl< BO(||sq/֫4.>>[.T*'r|0"RCOug5 @e:>)9瀼GwGol#=.l aP97~R?_tnZcR{Q0D@%rA6;a%WroBO[ vqKiӹH@Ftˋ(˗b}<\̒y|0Nd"-U,E籦B+YOJu ur6ZY%NbV/';A= 96upZy< Ep87Ȫs/z9o{O0O-fI#K'^g%WAՔ,PDAo&[<: o%MLkQoDl6Z@Kd$ `q4WV4Z011|RŮhܞrJNeBn~zYbQ"pە{bO 9G:/Ers;7NWW]w;ͮgAexe1Gٴ %HETuj:Kgӭx雲q|<7~R?_tFkz3 vpKv7id댢vW bhA*ك-jx7k7bC=28ot128#%rLz\ #+q%am4ڵDWOEV08*dkxHǤD|ݔni5yFPDEϟ?<~Wr'@ѽUxCtqGZaxpSJg޻ɃաK8 :x_BNuxZo KqxR,=H,x|7ݵ@Gr8R`r,@M6u3fjw֊Fog`ׯ8ʳrZٽw+N#>_aܟo@nu "a#f]b?WcA/]Pow%(Syz 8R<[fWjX]ue0Zi2N[IeF.= w??0: esOf^my~8[۝!T h7'i%mߟm:|VۢP-Gi]Y%r&,tzQ\f3 nkat h`, xsg2KNۏka9Z+m;jٯw.i O +| s1(w֋ pB˧Vw74Cy8|ݨ(= ZQ2Z6)]5*t|wArȗkk٧WZ- &xMn?u4௯W_K߿ZUه/?tP@anx7GeV AKsyW @] p(B_j&@EYehӟLwݶ 2șz7EAվn.JuvSƂܟC1|y~*Wujs(itJwaw7NWW]w;ͮg/\<{@nM)gP8Y:{dЛҨ. k=2zNc8]4Ywۅ@AQҿvh3ۋ\l}|?|oǸs$&d3^7h6vg;+- l#U櫫~|;׃VXvpsrvk_˥v* Fn|~ITjfqW8Ǜnr`WpX]kZ̳nh '^ 5,acղׂPza *v:9N3^6:gI+EkێgeW_66ۤ}\6wgnOj. w o31(P/H_cժ۾n.sT@>QPt\( _q*rIֺڈˤmGlz> :,]wWnIEUnѽT(tх{")U,8jKX7S_AЕQҿvͰA/R#Js mt6uP@f6B#7R5-^͢_u(z_n/d1 ȗ\gx\I~(שGlfN/ *rIֺڄ gץ/˟<ޖWYtL}Jd\}ٷWA;QP@iӹj_RY/-ӊ;IO@s12Ǜnr͠kA>f%`BޮKxgqlW./֭vneIRQҿvOnɕyvǂz_@] A74&zEB ;o%Զ^yaNV2a~x5놼]ʕm{X4qtwSy-Yju{\ _EZA_{!RN#ʿ-Gi]Iɠ O}_+k!w#=H Vt]U4QҿvrPH ZktZ 8?O?lhtܟѿP3}s:;iew7x .r6t}sm U->8)/>bh8`Oh?j,ӋIkxj.YppԨ/nEp_Pv< 7wșG1谞a{|i"YYAή+r߮kmz~R;Oj?$X_4z%7<:ӹGnK/_WqDd<ҏᤜ|5Z8-9(d;6u}H{7'*]5m㫯|_N*do\.Noz}w%~J ~UÒݼBG3CCSNL(Ysw@n$0oUM/͚Sș.ۃf=|Ql 8m6Z{mYق-@<ofO|Նf>{9n#tGn{;#v y%h:}q-jd&ڜLgOպkq8pz>xsI jҺ/gge;Ae:e4oWrv]LlS_ao9]갵w; C8[s [ *KBJ>-:?+ pOߚ oB(,]F՛$ a|׿~-&ap!Wlv?jDZֹ`8Y4tuFQr4U oNOUO"T1h<]=*ƣd?5cig PDw (T4[\yaƷ_?Kg_]˛ c(qFgӸ\Ynfj^.A+vܨ-I#OǛ}Y/dv=|VnB(g> e,brL kS1#fnl\Zя<=b{\/˫eQiGOʳ7nƫU*i}-vz}z/mϟom']NuH7 `@>JQc1^LZóUw1)1'pֺ˽(>YuQgkU8iӃ0d'jw/-7{r2* eMWt-O'xMn?uC:a)@=l q|ݼTr<{1,_d'&<iItzyaݍʐgZ v";XJ\Uǻbvq=}W?_}Ͽ拯rRٷzz:8(O'Gq;kE] CG% u$ \]}%]\ݞ-]Djh|^6M﷭`sz9Xfb~ЏvKa /[ E~((|;Nl@Thn  !O$ՆG2~Ȯ > 7"P:7kUW ,.|Y~W'rG|zU΢b] xK՛ S3Mh`\nc&:+Z+jmTٵ.Gf,@!iySy{[U {7>_pgFD7",Y2_xt7ҙ(K%5+4Tvh4}|*O'Gq;kEAw,Ž'AQ6 +v.4.W6񮵛^d[AFmHQ}:ۭzQzhI| A̒]eu闭vIpdTN!c(1u: 7m1oJ/S^-tijBޒG pc0x^ GO<[fW7vԐRI=cG |ivPD(xVƣd}ݮ]'E'hv#ɦcay+zu<ߺkq|!H\z. wNOxYhu2]i\ɪ GޣelMc*f:Z]7WW_K߿Z@!x\P_.I'%#m )DIbX^3R_TEH~ٵQ9ϲZ7\'VL,J*c?<)݈ +b"4TaX^Uf')'Gq;kE?v8y FO4tuFQr4ap^$brA:v画ePbyU]ԚhA*I_uY?,?dOit'o)=+vb?/:A_j$oޛIE$ wѫ|2FOS٧z& 2N( lXVp{S _7vLc( i}}vJ 0ooS 9{vU L فIA(d$O>b:\ùpv7id댢*hJ oץ/Y<[N,.`1ǃ,r]-T_}bױFR2oeul $'×j!gOTh՝W/hxTwGݨTj68_Ԗ{?ZH/[ J.h͈s"E8Rei}cW8@zϯEƻhvyp9\'~f0<)otxlz& ZժD_Re3wUmb5vv`-8`1_e< k]Br,zp8΃ۃd08lfݞ]#[!'%]pU?QP@oul=P@Y] {^ g7B) p0 b0х^␿4\ _o.eފ7w#cxt|% ģlS[`Ty2ExA*@]vr3a|ݯFojÛ Qurf5+ - 4'cMW|(d$vb?/:A{XdB _(_ kk!gNO 8ε|7ۏc?&ypi5fnl\ZQЬ1})!nE| ?̲4<9°|]2(RɅ, j#?զUmObO@4tuFQr40߼?!|ݻnv;j۵(GƗ$@ON!gz&|s,U SP@%ݒ(M"ZoZ~Hɪh%b'7x0~[*4z{|Qu@XCnJJ4˫$":ƣdNj; ˿/U՗//. _~hy? & B!oɨȸ.hZNxM0Kft*<;U9r P8:r9ӌ8R2WjN2mgt7>%(˗ ʲ8-:Φqy0yɱ@8[sq|M^?)oJ7J ȗ;pojo^(v]*Buzoj\VfGyV4g*NhI#K'^g%W?])b7IMi\d^^ 8;(`q4WV{9h0]K($}I]x̵s 4n!u _0[rW Óߔbgi2(/e@gxdxgq9]'+?Y,Q)ySPDɪ]4];#u oץ4\$g2!<Z?ߎ*vɩ24ZYUmة^lԾA%ƋUuQkv O!E,p$#I#K'^g%WAU E 8b G1|9xlx݌ٸڝUkd##ǵo۵~^# Ȟ0w% r,$ ǘ;2 8Re}][ި_K ٧.NS#vPDqOBP<1ÐA/]ЪuƒM-K{/}UtqMdWx4Qq4gj_u\ G"Q#]5vu(0%xI#K'^g%WA֕y. ^U՗//G1 Qp? Ghp 揄j(gNL"xzaU'/~7n <$ 3< %})ϸ)*W&>kt+*Ӈêrqg0;}W/mϟomQ:\nN:5;ț9 @&xMn?u4;S cKU\Mi$DڰSL٨}5ݍ֯ܺ'OW(@K/_Hx*?iQ|r2ƃlXEgӸDlno.Q= p$[r6Oy{Ɨ<.x,JJ5䯒ɾmMWIiHh0W0ٌ8Y+ ZOU/P|IF@~ު/7=z[1_b%u< P :U4Ѡ٘ pr4tuFQrݷ+Cޒ,~-sxVcAlfFMZ^޷5++F]Ov'(Y3PyӿynHy+Jri.Ƒx@;gS?)C@,O\l18RL VoeY?ھQ}ݮ]'E'-g+]e< QҿvZxx^eT[ݪqݔJ?Gj)^\ΓyY=N.n|!BSMl3M,y۵T_O1Roo/Is>Hs/sR*n&(ΉxTA̒\,.s}7__׫ydWŲ|6] .Q:WT:4L"-U4n.ٮ> ’2$d u @U&Y-z]}R>~˯ٗ|w~by?[@hG>ٌ8Y+ Zƛ#8C]'qlq6@񜖃}ݮ]'E'hv{ap/",?.NY9-< 䇫{ o6 Ogxqpd$QGtQr%TNlnNO;@*e]feo120 $L(om ߄8Jh5WCޮM__.o*x%(?a~q\*iO|{\I[QӍ <)ۥO3[no۵~y ca(qFgӸ\Ynfj^.ǹ(qh$>ofOlOZ"w|Rr9?|7dЉ@_PvEk38;w+8JWY 8tAޒQ98<۪7Iqz\ ׳OQҿvރ͵5pk!|3nJ/S^ͣY2(M\$qh$X1!Hvrru6-eoҿ>]ϢEP d7[/4ZP@?N۟JQͦҋv,WlfKȝy.ENjrZD|&gaip-CKƷCB f4.y=YI1[ qK>7~R?_tVڇ*6vzq7N;^xKB3u 7ސ٧x݌ٸڝm〢`ϧz& Z޻οޭ~T0{ܐ7ܐٰ%NOjipP@ׇE]_Y|dW, _1fO!g7[Nw&Ys8Oռ9>,}ePo4?junCJy2E:[-&ݓلÿ<ݽKǝph2JAh% P@A޴O'H8TbyU]Ԛ|Z~8.țë]Gzy|Ѓm;llkI| zj 9{x1u:?)9|д7n.Q{1ntgeqv֐ʫM|^Oi|K]5j͒V|~9-<Ŕ{H.Fpz1i V:{l7%C^i?B]WB_:L ^%G {r]%8MV7_Γ|OφvQ]t]+с|]Wv}u>n_nN_U|g[>E٭u/ٴo>$#KVf]OOa(8ε9٧o-a0^:0|Q4:awQ]4d3^7h6vg9nڐkMW[K֛5Ͳ+ OJeߐ7}h3ѐV-]l"OJec o.yw?Oյ颐=Jf{bx}^L ,6ڱ<@Ty 'xMn?uӟ#~]~VNVh8K"8hHi#) <{kY7 +{r)#~-lNx׫8y0ٌ8Y+ ZjhPDj R2/aw:-'Uן?7~&,tzQ\N-<{6{'>UWKe@ @܆٪52;șy?Y?XV.(uxQ9J(+<.]>BڠiaMkgt~R*(}(bFjˆ(M 4d$sTn3clfNr [jo\\?jN*W(.vo|ܨRU.Wl1Hd2ȗ GVqT_|ݾn.4{a|ry >pwܞfSGc @VV7x PHqcx~fYF`_ ٵrA}7T;)T}yBOO<]cY5ZUΦͨ[jU1m(;i|p,(x4Ei]Ihd8A^) 3e8@ k Qmv-zN TGq}Wo٦>ٷ6ݫ%p~,]?4x4MFU-@]kPLwKv7id댢*huao۵~υ xQҿv?|?x't|"8v_E$Y gɼNGMAnQ2|;Nlpr3Vmr!rv]ގE#iDxo6E}~GX=|!^BOjǺ<Un/d1 x.IպCSǗ.4i7j9ײa\/j罸q(# {5gPO+(/g_~ݾn.ZG7{kᦶ˸ :-O~~3hua04E#uQ: 𤔌 xdQkw6+@t1up1 J.hu[>PD7/-o?_\LYMY<[N,Qܕ{ݤN3mn' û|% %jfWˤ.Pp6eZۮfM}\/@Hץ1e}эow8rM2u"R5΢q,8b (f K9@!UtlI6> !|}CA\VxJ`xG (^ Q A[9؍%e=yk.rzP r7Ű ZPyo/"T _qcx~fYF`_$U4^-UUaXDFouOj&wV;/?n o?{npS1tUkǃ(-Fٛuˠϓ*, G[vVtQ :QK8@ԩ{uA~%waI)|YYrvhhʨq;gY<(QҿvA q1.a0lfݾڡCW]UNty>i]f":@>|zUBoH:~h S 3ŃI|ciP@iS!g?NJV\n |% yY4Nn;eT8鍓Eo뒬h[L 8,@nv{Q!u$ (7cƋE9lM˃h:EK7Mwwût:}q)%rPY f{zjͅ%>bP," s=8wΛ8sPЮUCW<=5trOEnIEɕ2x?T glkI|ѹs'voR/ xHE Ys$cj08ƇJFb%HV8 *q.]t}VH#^@=._\vp=vЉnMfQP@ײ hHh0aSf}9ZpY=M`GѮ r_:U=l!8ub<.giPݵ{UwFxR];,Wfz/Z礤o@`d]zV>(to>Yad@! ,RA@&{fwomƿ?F4(";'ȼ5ѯsxߵL1~&xMn?uþPOU @nJ?ό *zzLgZ_h 7!JTMVWɸuv>퓤~wRto{r޷MlMo(͒hZqTpB@8[z'/I'@A,i\En5t1kaT+a8+7Why< Ӻy*>@ U3zx@G7ԴGHd$r]d3^7h6vg(h׫ '`MW~|to&s#+W&;AQҿvA q1.a'j;\TW݋}^ F9Zj!/U՗//((| UF|\M р|I%Ei]zOު` !r0A^_hPHޫX,< IT,v4\Ⱦ(S-8ˁn]x*h-Fd]UK2Wpt pg<>(ϟ@|zQYZ 6ыx݌ٸڝlcuq[] W@p,Gty1O GPک)p4dP@2j~*zm5wf7OnIEUЪwÇITZ-h-hOdi0ZY.@qbp1\۫ECR!l~9쪼 4Zq4(MBD×(o z3|!Pqk ^qxq&AH{ʕAkvIf-+]o5E+h0/޾ĒBn›TOIs?bOiӃn^#} xQ9x8p9{yST&׻0x렧8v:恜>l[7z6ܔf,#=X]d5-xx @'C, _7OZx4#UillkI|ѹ]5B>Q\ Px&t=VoVqF2 .jykS?_V-|I2{M7.GI5~Q~ٷ/ٟ??|7斵Eq9(󯻡?mݤN3ۭvv]8HH9)U|^G| _ûn(r@YUyA/:fXzoÒ/|Ò%=wKFX(x]yՋ|6 Ö09AB _D7axR*Q98|kҐOz\= n|0]c(w&aSíM|SD`\mt6oqhnP _BPofO ۽͑S H7BP;~ÑJk 5T9.ޚ$@vSIZy4^ꋋYw637eyy6kGab=mN'_l! |E|eq pL&@8[9^\zݔF Kjۉvٺ?.AXU.|Y%$oi2EZ*e(ϵ?,I=tO}on;l !{!LQj qvk7nJ?5q8-x\WrИ 0"f.OĘ]Tˆ=ϩaۑVk * w @|:ٌ8Y+iEHJ}[7[X P@A _tQ- r9Nv,rݞ/Y{zqy޺2jy%ǐ^ۯP W_M~~3hjaS* $<6ϐy4xf]ONnu]^,r ,.GvI4>2YdJQ[4FT7vk^'ivՕy;x[{'Tܽ_k^"nNzmP즳nN_U|g[>ysڴOzMQH&@1*Gx\WWβ-NI%ku+jfrZ֧?-kux0kE9w՚7i{vcGt*3gy5/ww-ər oo~31 T}zЦ酮3̚~t tA5[@zQ |njԚ%rp5ZY-(]\ݞ-]Djh[{k\6M﷭`rv &G 'FwapPlnB oץU4xz&߼}NrMVu{۵:ߍr =sXD`\mt6x*l4Zm˅s|vܨ-I#OǛ}Y/ڮvs^NJ<n\2Ks|ݿ֫vSzW6Q?Lߖxa9o4ݱ|p PL~mr9odU{> ,m!gp%,N4l*@<7zrQҿv]p|*0vzQMY::(}d(R9gM܏\lhmIxx1 8)a]{N (h~ԶmqvYKdzjk6tSҤ(Um{1wS4$1KflWŸ9[eO8n/g_~݃&Z NE,/}kY{|9(-xx>yn=<)U.G`5l x\rX#2*NWhlkI| ڝfxuַ,"Ax\VM+W+u:ofObW _OJ 5@x)n/d1xܶSs]*ߔ~*J*)d5,acղTΫ޶UI(#_P8zHh{>R\9ky{\QrOHP_4gY+N|kRvb?/:A ݂)>N"y+Ax\ץr2WL _w0lfj P@_@<+Շkn- C w"r2/ۍpd$G8V4tuFQrF!|{ųevuO1O XtkφjiEq2h5:a?WPo4OU ~#EwۍFv/T OB%YW@σTv(_ kݭkb s1'[@䮒h5(S!Z={!x\f]ON6ox&xMn?uy}߼ޯln_|\\֙ch"z*# (àMY::(w }ϯ??bSw??X5܏{*@1'MjWzgo/'[wx?oC*٨fjw.BOgMvPlG:!˯_~ ɪNJd$Qgb8p ]":+g_ܶ=>J$ [=gܶvۙ@ qQ7Y"KN=*ŒJyq(p]g[0Z2Y w;sg4\?g22W;4ūq+^bAUiPMԧOOGJΗ\(﹡1$q<E]efw:* ,(`#ezDhE }:EjN@{l1|CJ;'I*ݕO'HnW*3@OH?m-'1յUΨ[ɹ]CHw  tò+,NSK|jNM 0HH_jm]w3u7UTDg]M aU\jhiGIZh!Bsa&?QqBeZv@ '#}-\ݠ' ۇZ_Ic4qXӨZqU <qQFA5'8K'2lr}[a@Zm J@K2<[^g0.d϶ϟz(eT7eNy{Y^B77yX[D M΢f~o3tۛȖIcE,z3;nhJ,д>mDW hNd%@ѩpA}: ۍ(Gȟ>1oҟ4_;uSc5L;Ÿ{2,FIf՛43ʦ@'Zhk9>fƸpךJ7 %~Lb ̗8V+oQ5lG.kzaf`LֱMaddgdgpTuH$#x,W0i hSnǾQݔQ^d\X!m8^ͣZt]js211W_3.3AjGcT@ $(@dQ:mNtnpf@M{[K(J0 NQ⢌Ƴ@ݽ"\AE :j R;\0Olg<ѝF^=;@/fi,yfҟ4 ѡK;ϙ IJȞJ:-8iY̫SNI2tanN @v,]3U@: uFhѯU:n]M-wi< ]<\@ Q-ga'(]fv.*(q)Kwh>VE:4k ' R25 MT겉XeQN <<7a"1}(^'fNer9ZI2=C@Nxɞvܴ~ĕ! NQ<'UDf*8S7Y%d%lk9>fƸpӵ*R+D K|0xFgc@m<|w. -dJh}Zgf]fnύt$ rfMșh5qRrF ZPhJF8*idW[ws? -TMW5V{Rh(i} %?Ǿѥ;*{5d/̈^o7FN~ .|& 9l=zd㴷MR]tiYvn's2W#\@ӵޓAL+ fIכفp K Z9ƀt̛%}*İ5qog"OjiNk,>G8}rCvu]LGLԄWo퇯>gp @LsC} %~Lb ڙ/gq\VޢHdC /)vd *-%ZѼN NKF@Mr 7n-֖$rKB˂rb۵;+y÷bBD ,GvQT7 M" ׀@dFh|Klѵƪz֙Ys ŚOhz`S/ i:)a"{B2i(%]of5@+%gh!4> Q$;f8vh.Ll-'p Sgݵ֩9d 8:mbM+ H$;4g)<6Iuq9ǝLrl'#L =>n>}m7;uF<ҺkC .R# ,m`B<H7i Kcb%$<0trd{}<4WU$@!,?ap0պwJC h@ pidak_3.3Ak$3EH㍳eXQ0Kk 96:=qMCh!Ʋl?=D0Qݔ9SL NZ^=˼b@קWצN0[薛^aiZ_IcU}H56$%dh(u?@; d{CC9tFn&|@.jy^'ᘦvB˂rb/=8&pw '[rrMOwo5u[{Si#Zzc4,{${I(g ONsQ- @6F'2<7ʫWjXy_uQx Ҙr[q63ƅ+,:i}UHYv }p.qAgpF) FO[¡7 x"\܎11=ӟ/Oha#Y<'~:-t÷;7  љcG Wb)1Zϣ^08mT '#}-\Ӻ_ݎw925&`{.C' @h2ĝ&u#6`del[='٩OZڧk@GQhv߮'۽ۯ}߿?|]>0bO*_z>HOh%wFŠ na/e+ E_3.3Aۻ"hl9Fv:MnG@^ضr&\wo.9\pi7yXP<)bdt0 4 N iΘk9}3vLu104_tCi@+2_65< kؓrylԵ,{Z%Naףը2 յnyѶ͘&H^IPm뙿Ie  6ltiL }AnBq0"pYIj0P8GfDK/Ʒkzڽk Mӈ8NQWfj4Yn{F戻4hgHv˚Z襚-ƊYfv {gVL8g*)6-t( .Mܻ5Lf ]ϻk|i@0HH_ x*2^[p{t^@6n# !8OalynZjdl] M94m ppii8dakk4M}xcۇI@QwݤzgQi.EL g{ߴv +@6&.3qTuU1 x(m"A* [6DLU$y Ʉۺ4WI7jaBXiD,}:,[$\؎rS/ i:)-t1mttE>8 !!O|y9,Wvʍސ<q\@;}]lg5z+[8 A,6FiL }1 `hb7p2i(%]of~?DR (Qݔ9KutҘhtAU]XSy>o3tۛW̬qnk[ڵW VNjk᪗^{x= ȌhpmGγ 3 e.|̾ڸqx t?^0¨T<-‰ZA^Q^?x X\Հ1dO@.RI`:tH N.x:C/MX7ʈhrq -3JgRccuMAB6$JWY,n\ ]ϻk]ti̺ܞFaz*OL+ fIכ+Ľ-5q{ Ib4dhXYIS8dmi@ ]߿^&`ڿ8ɩslK5j< &KNms:.u 4#$\tٴ8^t_JiL }D]63"GB>5P<3).J%:۲jB@ٻ.$yNJD}x&cGsjXyvQdD&Bڦ֙Ys 5qǴ$>3?Dj6 uwQEٍK!W0+jUXH-(G/&*o[TWy֛e18#J~-_,uZՕ8J1/Rm 6,`£mt÷;8w&Q8i^MM^iV2ۑ(zĽL@}q qo-JL0S30r˦02GdFh|K]+@8d?_ZFuS}2Ln<:]F/Q0ˠ.JQhW?1gLblN8BBE4hߚA{۷wjH\@l4V̒7& '#}-\bd8ӧ(< ̺ܞFtK_Zt{7&8\/ 818CF;E)E_ar Н^l@EF fcoJpY $;:z>{0D@넫^RV{l3̇"3?F[µzx\9\8@..`ZE}elC[<:%q;bu?kM>F@q~2Nik622߯nXjtqmInΗd2i(%]of5lMl-'p]G?)hO*AUr$:m<0<_h{}c\pv=8xIi@ 7-6e_hǺL@l/  dzڇ&iI櫾2ͫŇ5To 2._N&g]2_ꤥ1|]_+'!OXԻC94_gp H/aS <:ԨAlM_}*ww\+7,w8d^+]ޏx?޻h"-iھ͗> ۯa<%(KhM7|'<]yaB [hfuzaf`LֱMad1x@9_p22xa-YkS7+u@HYDךYG_y8pVgQ8t&VFm:@+߯ekq 7}ofQP` H9{pf`. tRw]#/N*_;z{+07%>. W专r[X@;uDvMV4->yr~^9u ju=7 MUB~IޝQ KBr˥gi׊rH93.ٴnL'3m4{*o;1jN+g;VB4 r0I1Mny8dW=e1r\=㚈rт,BZLiI_QXju=7ҍp&оrD_%QQ_ D@j. ,U Zh橗5 r}͌q ^bKɳ'U7D+ 0! ,Ǥ,Vp @>{qZyBSw*1L&˭c/qr ihϮ`Wc6O_h^E~rN/8?p4hEQԸKEslĮzӺ7EdMh̆<^:F@ .7$vi7d  @͌hp]W'dUd"\4BpgL3,fyꫫ]'h'Od}dKcb#8݄zKv 0F㴟Y_QoNE1̶,^,@! 2̺ܞFx]SVeXQ0Khi9FqQFAp=1L E.d;%UVUTߛ)Sb?kat]~|]Ҵz[S/WԷ?텥,AU_eTeF&](4*Edx:qeܚIgpZ!b]MtU57)؝؟GYPZ E)o1ˢo cuZ}&'@HxIXYiϮ oBFy/,X``D/@g_h^EY>ݎD9194aUbT<#ui1VTM](88leT7eN}NRЉ.&lqIqPTưʺ |-:iEajgյ =zc^]ٚSԺCh 9IKcf; ' \+ZO1.\u=ãkIU]BB<7ԙkg:YRAOFznj' ,O5 8 xPRyH4h{G< ^l@ufe8H7t5MqE<j)XrOٸkg"9xkӯSq3]Oy޽#* YL+ fIכفt]?tDel7 Uhtu^#]C4f3+0kpYmf }j׵ZMQ^ -DOo+~.Il7zC} U*N#"ә/gq\Vޢ lG.kzaf`LֱMad8) 24ʳ.ON sa4"'\;eZFuS3 qb" \xoo;A+'ksjNvmCE ڧS7h6zqfs3P/n[tQ l(i9%dBGl~\9\X\Q9h#AjUYh! XWI lG;bs@ eFh|ko3j@gEh8VAWjNjXqQ΂:- .JEQMDEhE턮xziqh9 N&{<>(11SH5 g@ e>[ RL0 O! awZUQ-:<-dzѢϴ6"MNGu&Q0WTV} T<-‰pF\}j]$_Ny鯽Ko߾7#\/ ϳWdSs W̬qnN/@CdѤKZכ2_t_ U@6iijCԝiˉ9'JH9^F!*M(rN0[薛5 R2Џ/> t4za<tvBD}k$ZO1.\~}VV#gr5x8ޒ_Fh,ȖIcE,z3;ؿ(\m00rB od^l7Ym{ǮgqTH֩&a[=  qޅD<\sqdjSEyTyZmY+5NuT2-ʴ(KjSy љ۩ m$!g!_^gFh|KxzO;Jǡa] jL < iKy ${Ay@Bd${Ǟ>6]ĉ"u^ftmaiD}@N:Y,]k>L+\'@+ wl$4&(>dkm=}J .cO344-ƊYfv z]tnfgcvW4 hU֙Ys jD k ?sO?hN _({*^^,MtIgV'{GQv?iQy4e]z=}&QQi[/qg!$\Ԃ.| + 8b^E.> CV<<x:i6th 8ϧM\i[cix+/8@GSKh?@W囿hNm ͟xǯKl4V̒7[&;Z*MgL7-la&mf W,72 „@t@)Y^͛ة4uPw&~_߻ m sٮܕAL]4 NQ"ӼSgaHƱYbpYd%D,[q63ƅ+lџx6 &j\aWughh貞6)fX^n@ 7ل(w(fO6=x0$݈nv$!64p prq \7ifFh|Kxьx?h~;W4xh.>&$gFZ&*(Zwƒ'(`#N26}dN OWjQ0zQqrbDMzjQݔ9q;E iQvn7yX 1@4Eyg!:siw뾦æoEt:B76I]7 +:9Ķkx {Gl3c\5B'=@::@ݽ͠ ە֙Ys 4{_TMSwe !uܴ~Fq0EaB@YDgnxa:c'>AvF]Y15# َ\@4P:moM bd '#}-<ĝk !8F}%Uqj,oD=}J .a=wNj#I0}wC}h|ɏ'겉J@ ( Q FǤ,Vp p|9jvgzaf`LֱMadZO1.\ᙖv}.#-,: q7W0iϕ_DFyJ[ubM6j\LG/ V2L.(B<?1!4&\NcQva%Fq9UЭtX|8j:&qcf? <ϡRFuSڽbH_@יv <*CvI:Βp̽Y2Z \;Mo3뭧߿o ʖIcE,z3;ib[.al~r-r)7!'xJdS~ŧfflcT%:(*n[nzvp>\ϓ,16IkNQh*3 Fjw ) @ 2{f 8 ȥ&mߏi7\'fѬfUhPy^gFh|Kx8id@11qE } '#}-<]IF/@sq!(4!$2 „@r J%Nf8n$ X'{u0 8ϳ ׻w방ZO1.\6egl;%,:͛( Ytu`i;+G-t4ֆp@$\^\ XK:) ;$@.1(ufDK/Ʒg8Jn>Qg 'L#p '#}-i#/LQݟ~&",tkk<2i(%]of3=MxΘg<)^zfIzr}IGKGup!$>uk9>fƸpg4qOI:8O捌piƖ=1FڛY4ֻK+˻QnpqeT7%ucp̥4q! .-nN ֳlmekx(4bi@vVjv#>BeZpNjmaڄŶ/'  h9x޾k&@ eFh|Kxd6hq2H֙-xZ8$#~<]ehϽn ]wfahG?WҘ@r*rWQ4,<**N4R /4 /⢜)aO?<@֙Ys i_}xhO/=0HH_ݽwꍷ)J˖IcE,z3;x2ԟ;p\h Gedtn,^d,=0_cN-V{`=;z;ڮoo;#3L< 8}yq@^s-^XոldSN> t{Vƛp TQe5b<OotKƉ=8W%ՀL/@'O4uNJx :~3J`\Bzk"pY("+UD.YAB}3@EaB Zgf]fnύt#\[wPTHvȕ4h"lr/=" zj$">?7"- ׽#-ٞ<l(ڙ-xZ8o~@pZ-tz:5 ۍZE&42G⛢ڇ ˖IcE,z3;hbk9>fƸp ڻnMr <|4醣ej"Ɏ̞l"tVjv#J/KelaVnBqQFA@25 8K'E|-tMI- '8"gw5AN {G }86On[SwyMĴ-h 'Dd%8\/eH_@.aq-Sa>vz6տeEBM^`Γ B8y^ufe8H73z^"@Ҍ-{b7xH M+7qC <Ǥ,Vp ̗8V+oQАlG}Vfj4Yn{F戓j@7}LTpRW0i p̮=(A^-)90HH_ K74K-|EJ4ق 6Za6aIrElY vS7yH _iYF$-sQ5t5mdVh,sSrC.">Ѥۙ: >^rj 8K_3.3AmNNn^@!H0.(`.88 *" FQ1t rSxli+:[&@xyNmbyMg<7,:Ͱֽ`93ݪufDK/Ʒ'f)6:7]63 R2»}%7ȥ6)^aaօZehp# \dLxϦkZN*Q F<.- jṢ`8=b/`VOן{=|hhWFuS|7C&@v6F5$ \BcOvW̬qngco~g4mow!d@fݫ7@1$ڨ3[,[z59QG,̓:RWEY/ 25a98I& id;\;ُ/  gt=Mw֥i:;a tô:I5Cb!Gvk9>fƸp?$}% >T>@kh :"^Es!$q ApQզG8N]%^dueS#:32s{nَvMs< }a4?p'[@.ZQ;< tCLC<R(jm?qk۫F4* NQ.7D,zV,|eT5EU=0{ M"]l"Xf^v6kYCo#p}1h9~YuUZO1.\a#RXpE>Weyb;΍(8ˀ\x]u7g'E (dW !yrsz8~SZ_  0=ף # Ng% [g5kw^=ugs#n+,V^.D fz#vLBr?7Pݾez *b[\JW޶LfOhkC- Ke=-p E)N0C+VvـdaiD}Rxsՙ·Uͨ)gznGVϚ__N_X'uhf᭪96n3՗t/p.zI3GlĽk!M}Tz?k֧~vBю8(E#EQI  B.,oӾrC .+Vil굿Zgf]fnύtC@8 Ѳ?^vM..>\gJcUPM پ*GK){ڇT|hN, zH;Nnl:I`Ab38|٫gZnӵ^N(-M\eof \\gXZ>*Q pNF9'&z٨kYJqϵYƙ7/H ְ4Og@>vڧO/ ʌhlOL׌֙·Uͨ)gDžg4gQߡ)LiVv4vr71FEB @W̬qng(Z/'N&7ƔE@o~ۯ{ׯC pk,C/Q~ gQao[&xr$,[q63ƅ+<&"9ISPF]p&qΌhGw5.v: R2²P G^WV벉>WvC~%ur3wfI+8 ;i0-3 ӳa#u2 kؓrylԵ,{Z%8en/̛qnEr ZcJϱ46|̷6$ӧ"p|I_@2̺ܞFxV@H!$LêvfTTp m!u`5UX@p\Vo{ˍcuda>8 B5(ԽvkV4t#:3רհ-Y-hln^E\ш),:͛syhקc(-cz2,ye<6!Cl4V̒7ap禮 +K/kݞs ?smD.>{jbڥvJ~]yFy- '#}-<ЮUfƸpɤx+:[&YaD FQ;iYuӼ 8ˀrܻ{*&Ҙr/`(ʯ78dn GբՁI_a=әQId;,| ώ;Z=];#i TgXr_H&Mvʽl^R paw~&F9ܻ4W̬qnv5E5ʖ[h^nTyB@2&\a 61g">d8zgZ([&}0HH_ յ_NiȶS228j.@۷ͷ?tr깆s2FHP-K-M^j=VbQ_55ҳ鹦iNyJM8*8:Rˠ^LKE|x(n.SW_'O+@!:9?4MMl-'\KZ:#+٬ѻFhrZFED ڇ0 {F}^hw\8sٙQ/(^|hr# '#}KWm ޤ VUM@Y(>A);Zh;7F8.4 ٽf (feBi#|@ eiƇ. ={<a8iO?h1#yK[}<"pz̲ɲ_6e/qE@l4V̒7a:"QB<(#ߟ/8opt-yXubkq=ӷ;5?ڸ뾓K{Zt>7!R\aP a?&e ӈX@ F,[$@  *1L&˭c/֙Ys sIliL qJs4oo$5oy6@׿>Io 6ާg=@+oշ8RM u^L7y1K&A\~(ja:y,fộXBc γSԪꔩ5BҴ:iڇedy3mƪ`W w5`_ s8 YM@SS٨6:\V_Wi#iV (ETuшC8y:ZVN ']dZ1JDԟ0M TOʌhևOaS<_ps^XՍSH~.H& !䊦UuhFgπds:2 gwspH|.uF<h6ϻkfL;EQbM'=VVo$ѽ3J@IBӴrC.4(v37+ܷxG@ l4V̒7y=ך^ OGTucZv'Nv$&Ed/tM  ;@ Z6ׇ0^ruA PPF(w:@Z\@_Ko\ :0>J<]+[;u"$>'x>횷@ƶ<"E+UږrE*!g]A N.܀|mm^Mƙ!GNG~ 8!!.6ANurv}=t6^ԚLVQݰ bywos㚰rjaś?͏_3hRu]VEw>m>1\[q63ƅ_S @ QY M>y:ZVN8gҘH_/&jՄ4!-Q83u&ڙNc{rLH\֓'Z_Ic#~mZ[{J* ٻwf7-e-SKpQݟh'kUs] nv$dAo\eNUN&Gp/bOC6*KmKuW }vUlbr=u(ev#%!gɌh=SgruMcv tz @dQI6.>Qi48w8*6t٣ae&M-CL}|KvP}5zok2{aU] @ܯ*}[YԄ\:@2w&<r+N'_w|paID:je-ҩdk&,r*׋̧.^acAZ8ih{CiLtYFp4q/[ׄUjz5`\- YW# >uk9>fƸpob@|k^3MMdFh|K WV4e7O{l4V̒7[rz4!wztp:CYXya7͌GD}H6.TTzFH^h+^"UIjJ;qz"/ŦG.k@ L# XQh[}NWV 6?}8~~_b ))synh?HF5? zGl3c\ulMtglvyE\ػwldq:X`@>&ﺆ^'vM@ rbOFMQײi;VfתZgf]fnύt#z{srftzI}eϴ?OpQyϻ0 <7zC} %~Lb g̗8V+oQhꎀ\oMv:838 tL @7uOαSeWԸEEzz(Oj|љDkS'?KӔ 3*p,UtJ7&@6W\891E vg8dDL+ fIכفp=,rگ (ұ9S3 YM] B*e *8q&k'}O#g)FNcnr f-6e ̺ܞF]/p UUl(iL}ĕK-hJ ̽ 2ܐ-tu&ҧ,Gɓ~_'Eꭼk_7~~g.ŪŤbڈ{@6VUTDԙD5Sr\s- Mq-t@*2.1YLF7 L'N3JlM].j%p¢6ݵ@63y>o3tۛ8T\zD+ F>@dˤ`tFpijM6h8V}P:̬b; BC2=Pde'ieiLquwW̬qn>\{Ozh%t_]3}ȁ(pk9>fƸpEp6_h0 vB x;&@;Z}5h5NSX!NX9uv8yxizw R04F"3?F[gFHru1r~0Wo퇯4g ! :LeXiD,}:,[.E9^|ma4"?7)TP@k}\)7A$?MHXYi0YM9HE(879սl4V̒7Z= <>(^}{k1"թnc}֌C@}-4mG`FwmY(B*(y2"=U*V8 'Ԭ{NӺ?aն׭a:[yLɼv,Ž]*@'O8d?&NvNw+3?F[`$ Y.pTCRӱ'OOs,"ZΝ8wgӪjoo^O;vtv\KN1y>M3@?h>a=~&0\_4 $HLEt;<0\Vpq''Pk{MW-׻TєZm6q^$˸Ynf%tIQg\J<=uQqtiH)1jr2T{$F3ICer B4 ?Ƨ&m-'Y6ӂ4=c3+ eZNs4-Ti m8G'vm[[uD.@11K?U;u:PgXvr] Sr ZhxYvYv^vjVk5|ujkX5euێ1odHv ɝdW 'ʌag`*QM߶s;,Vqt2'=+3zCjnj6e8['tnz>:[&@,WC/dh{,O; < !y^2G 8 *Zꮫ9wg#*7w״&YjLG_ULo*Z䮞ΣQ2*_trkU ^C -:ۯt1ߢW$ ԟdž ֡ZJ3Y ڣ@dcZhwjQk_´0 O! )Tà#~Lb ̗8V+oQppa;BβJL0S30r˦024egH6::'g>[7x(y_h^EN,(y)n4v6%/ ֻ' |to6=BM 1z0fS؞rtQ!zg}ƚ̓fds=h'Gd4265M@A}>*]rKcI>H/./ }h˪L O :DPD2" =k z쎬ˆrӦjAԾݾ" JoIfr) `p@ (Hm pfdXuПCs;#=!bp09G @ȇč? }9a7st pS:h*M @0j+h!ĺ$yzv\?I6Rx[gx(M%J\'j4`a=]Wnz+ |q{(rjqc#g:觟yFӈ5|.֙Q9qndv?7vZMGzb:'rbMF&rl5]&'e8epnOvC#53smޠGpcOY]kT]<MxM7zhR 2KKM_~˷PЬH@ls~m嶡i3,Vq8mkm g+⢌0`Id@+`Zh2:o QM%̊JHt^h=_,^ t Ampb=#XWϯc8~r Z벌JLS|EN0>ݿ NX7ZI9pfq!T_($ *1H@&ֶ3[>IJ xd) QQU9 =ݩ^nj¦hȚ.(73{kz(.,4s6~a[zYPky\|[SN"p{|(Y33Gv:M _6#d0>ѿ':N{  %Mb ϛY/W+wQ(8Ubh>Mm5ugQ㦻/Mٳ,~ASZq8>[t+@Wɯa4"'XJιIގyH7,isKGY?D0ڨ AV %bidΌωt#{(TFU]7ToB㕿xk㍿-r)+ "E|cȖ>[J`R?wx2MK!iyҒ:ܮuHVh8Ҩj~sb ,>tsUTƚOK"@AOFZ\U-/_6` vϧ`_=EHg tY< , {ִmmqȞkP,!)$YG*ċg_UufTexNڢ d ;8̈n8ln- -벌JHoOKFrauEVN OXv BZ:'hEȚ6` d1>9j@?Hy48Q$9@Ubh>Mm5ug|xc)@QU9`=6H@K<u{VN" BeHw=z+@;<E`;sUTƚ0 t{|rr6s53sm京V,%4%1ςm㩺Lm@K&yzZgr&.}o#2@KP?D {NFI7vHK6-i+gάx ƙtR?6ALUr"pڠ:8hZe>tA9 mM&Ly~6ԯ64q*8b@?LY/Tm|M@#k0d^̗ \ d,o!^X\) t2ijL-Z{N@=&(%;w}N-ǣdzjSz2т 62<hΟt|&]="0=15g&&@#+t9slnf^Wq @, @-ncK:v$ ܝl38e$% T$7iVNN蠻^OoB3J\g1ENdeT@O Z-6kڌY3+=ޥd'bs5m[l3}\8ie`גlY\+螪#6hǍ@'V{@^Uną{Rw@<ZjtaCE{)tPv;^j-+7LdT6>@ecZ(Oh|_3*3s Ȧi+ה^,(`#_g߿b'tcc_ye{vӏa8aToN(m^J4t|qpⅻyQ*D4(d8b^E.gMRQ0KTwf9 }cR98/ 2pn #5}4[jBl9ӣMw_z훲S@mM&LSSFU]|@3:_ZZOK(bd@!Ī: L1qH ԟ칞"u3/ƫ80Qo(jp$":nTU={N)@=yB @+4UՔ#c@;C2 }YLR]Z1T2 YӞ*袋ge"sl5]NXyG_g~ N._p{ =s@48_l <ˉ55jtL-fT':Yi&Zzp(tOIQCw2y>|Ǝo#kMk/b v?K|͗yboҔWg*Lmz5luR  zye{/~ogִmmqs}KI(<G(W^o_}ӷ?V@ZmhZ U\5{7Ea"ɔo,7{#}Z A@~0F-4atg:32s<'ҍ욪"qnziL{㷀ٻHaWi^GLDof2 E2ίkj^ ='#”G@K6@KtC'MhS(@Ubh>Mm5ug|zLUO0k( QpPbF45Uus#k0D. 88.#e>K;4m[7bZӜ6js{pS~7l4mM&L"?Qz8gÒޭxL7}oVAzԏsM{_Q`7[S5Z t?K>^ťٺqe;t|qLg%t!8Ubh>Mm5ug9usk2R|v@Cƹ:n@4p}ĵz*bM/v;[O#?mj3 :\ڋraka_y7h=4Us7]$k~g؎s=-Jtx]X"ą9@4 Cয়ufTexN3 E>, *%t@4@w'jMӅ=  H] v6<+ B6 {벌RBݎ/۴%'ntד'x}wV 'zxjnu6KlΓ']] 6JMcBZ?+)aꪢ(]*SL^vItk bEeDt<4FiuE7 '#mpрh Ov /P.PD>W6Ɵ_ɶrh6t4^åJH9>@y" 9,eGQpfidy0>ӏL}܏N^n@<' 0*$z)ʏ2/,ڹ=.`:ʍ'/(&,AU^^Fq&\ũe@t*~wo~܊⺮/| Rtχs\tWaF0t1Y##T2Ӟ2 ~ y/2rb4]pԏ2ۈE+Com⭧MՑ65Z\ :*7XћWX[[wj |p龘cX^Sݿ:j.|/ZziM0]KߨEHOվ?ѐ䫻ki_ᄆOeOzp?xvo&W{:G\%Ne$s5))mӆϥ8 pIh(6Gn|)! *L$mR`ϛY/W+wQ(Z%VӤVSzfYf՝Y\'"`_h^EN,pVw4A@v_|u+1/[7iXuFV8]]e?.07o i^M: iU(-*JhiL K8Xykڶ6fpw{Bh̥8.#βO4FQx|g2~u{DWmE~/~#=#BXa={s~EHxCgyiQ =߿￿9)&n@Z^)=3a@MU$^" :TY ڹU0@? L7}o}'yGg+%◻$4~)58sviQ@!˕VkZ~2^F⽫)ZgFUfAٟ@stHdumFOյt4 ~ X1dC3! ±puƉUgXmR3ŅWM@twy_-&>=Wյpf|H~蠻ߖQ*pIP{ëL g ODXuRms*@,MGAqݗ^nu\Kǃs1Hq0]F|@6G[k7DLt=KuG;%R sga4/BEZGQeLs?84{|ay3g}k4ܠQ~4_;"^ p;cZ`O  S4{ħpUM-%XTx/O͵t^q STF3{Ė, t@<ĝ ȇBAYf՝YTO^y]C_Me#u5m[l3}\8v\yg UmR`8h?ofq\EHw*1H@&ֶ3[>n6ucɯa4"'"XU 6z;`@< qZy4J=jrz@^UnETBZ=В|14F EQ^Dk+ Mka!$5ܟxf{CǬj6&﯒Sӎzelpd g"|@,Όωt#{[] 0HɰBi Fk"'1FyPd嚰bAOFZnEGaYr P=bՏXO-s@ʙxS? Uj/L? 3Bsx:\ڋraka_y7:A뮥M]$k空冦%3뗦"NW[.D;o m~tC(&fMAx@+.7γ]~@?uRymmf֬ԣžtjg0-K./R벌YB#ge64wS!=I~xVkSNvC `N,H HcbZOI?,/ :~lhvw] 1ښM>.!~_<3xɆYS(A@7Sņ "822g. wKb+5ImF,Qݙ]tXvyc<l3f -=6pEdeM_'!(Ubh>Mm5ug|!il>*(7 2X&F9];A꧶a{E= i;>'@/% ד'[-ג G@;[Ӷ6Dž#;(ŀ88.#Z9=ۚrC9ڃk $ xrtGsyɁZ@44ۀpbQW̨8H73 "~6݂C ;LgIGC3VM? r4I)$?7@ ._@n4IJ*p^闓(!a@⃫ZG×"NW["X!犑GIK5//i-g^QM6̚GlhiL Q\GqYhbmajqQl6}pՒAwf1kF`/|7K)\QUM! =%$  #Mb ϛY/W+wQ(ҝJ 0R#ЧI.̖:32s<'ҍ\>zZY:Z(:UZr <ԝ,I+R}tվ^f;V@cp׫ aD?ӘH|14Fr$DugV ki(Bʨ˜[TG1@4yb,EhʆriaНHG j_3*3s Țj?ik1=VITqOfQ$$! ˦]_y_eT}ͫՏ?9kk;?yn9Ί|@4yU~U2Jqݗ^~GUXϞ|5m[l3}\8?OP8m(@=yB .74j77q΋8Ӣ$=B3^+,d7q!+7=z 7~"u|LsƥHdݵ2@_8/|Yek9&EO=h'RWb P ֐1 g2_3*3s w$UENc4-2ʵt0LEa tQ]:B#[j9'$E9 S33:fTS}5cCA q߄E; \8̼R7ۆ`bt{<[O:}2)%]=AD;8 Y<hJwi!H6A3 ԟ53)-xemH!@;ڼߍʸI'lsۚM>.Y;U婺phJ]za(rR".rM^˜T@49].Jo^~{$DugV 8`>&3 /@}_QR=q>1 XZ(Oh|9ӣMw_z}~Kf ~^2Wo|Ao~myyXoa%6ά_h&rLZ1)@qK8$Hwʜd8݁7Yexb?RUz/x77D4lU~1"o&<Tޔg%!XGaZaFOfk[M]-AOFz!>hikڶ6fpy(7RUuHb_&4W˯oʖIYf՝Y~Gq0H=<[; MbAwԎ >}4YtoRM}=\ug,2=jt׾XT{&^̗ \ d,h@әdͩ @Zga6UQ'frUmi<2_butҌ- ׶ǷkG{hzD+2/hENJntU:N #쏄"T(@QU9<e:UGk}:& ta$cZ'=w+ճg+7= g="~r1Hq0]F༞tA97q PR83N1zD ԟRյ=UPbnp (Xq0]FiCpV3{*-H"u5,0U0lXY4@0J ]כBݑa-JC՟X6Mp8ZEi,=lT;bsX @@(Y@,|1l__V |^7\U@(2W@\k5f'E Y8Ie:-P|EX2=jt׾){4IJ$'6@LvJ@?+)8gIqUZCǝӅ%+=@gYbZ/ |14Fr$DugV ki(.z=O.jkqT/++ʉcQCw# /^ut3'Xر_dL~-vt@ 3a1 'k K<i/p^d*^{>ۆ5ΰXU!)s♙ ^>ڻMxM7zȄ^D [ 62;gv2K>|Ia5Օ랤0KC[/qgƸhvU~1"?!]}./YCq |_&ql$zV5#Bhޏ8ͣQ㦻/MtE@o?|o?}Bz/~CdI٘.=&&td0袇7tUIqtִmmqd_6o$W/(&ҼNekc]eŪ J[`䀿ZgFUfA{ϗ)m10Mu)ZN~@%: }ӓ4xXZFbe#tQOw32 „@V䇓 V$=$onPm9t:-#iYA7ZJ^o?#1K]dECGr7V pS4Ɖ1.%TVOWK>|/=ӣMw_zW'Q<~" cf՝Y~)X B<WiS1MErU?zB^-]^2Ҙ@ npi@"Ͷ(QBx 8pn2 &YvOp 1+hE*.sjE^b yiVmkm GTOU@}(VhVW4UOx4 Se%f~%pnzI32hPd4,Fdm4AV`QIzx 2Ջ(Gv GxtGYA :>,mL}mi(V@'8̓tC @+D+< Q檙e#>R=KB0„@VIY4"՟78^VP;iZaFOfk[M]-\Nk2_ߛ5W,:ލ}>0 @ q^Ι8,WDe  ~TL?4& =(<n 5 Ea;X < mCgXq t@*s♙ ^>̍S?wx2Mx iyҒ:ܮu?_ ^Då/vڹ&X~/~#=#>=Yf՝Yz:sdu=U Ӏh,@;jU9f?Rnz-uS k@Gz&\jӒ &kiĿ'st*} ]L- @ T`)K;vr7?|7mM&=?5VbzI0h算ƒ|pf)AbHaWi^G6qcfen4}zn:32s<'ҍzvٿAڐO@Ӕ߲g8@ODZeDt#uܪ,&(%;}s9_Ƹ_188BfrFKmqtJ%gTMS8Z vx[0Q㦻/{2S)Q\GqYhbm&pfl{iVvRܿ18^Y|/ؐW%t+@~rjNjWuR l,7_pb=#u \mCgXq y}<Wϯ z}A͍>2 „@VdƷ`)q2Kmkt\~]^܆AOFZ4Rϩ"E^yK pn7iVN'&fzԸK}svXXI@ǵ'ON.ԕߺ:32s<'~OVb@^e󺣇CW&Ia3 :wNs-B7cD{0>@7?OͰ Mch#F+ %! i &@WP퓑z"r8ZB3k돽.pVdXdX~*Qu# ,k+ Mkah.sx8IK95g&l8+J7`k g:ll>Ӎ Jz$wH61P̘/}MFzAlM&LGܠlITnz^\Q&DK>., }9/uPčM׮;MXo3=jt׾߂t$'N&ϟK{-Ƒ],r)+d\Ch*/h̉Ԭ$Z8?BSMD ԟzRpfahO]Oٟpf.&(ۆ.ݿ@{rt^8P ]A]s{MI7iIo4ͣRͧi5(*٣8[Όωt/x;+Su}2>r;g[ ϥ5N }9 ^ @Pq0]F7=@wpmMs+5rH"x-׈̱ko8\ &hKBZQb3h9. \㱱tx{ q4ʴ ȥ?<xD:32s<'~lȇW= yDʚ6` y_B]t! =I! .[8.n8 ?B :t5 pfeTenXBuA ;Uw We -cjKp@ Y37J~ &t|A)t]w֙Q9qnrNM#h%%$ S3=jt׾)(SvzR;[O#?mjb8c:\ڋraka_y73>KahGjrӣ]:vM*y|Qw@8N @1?U9oeWqE-(QALmkm Gg_ ԟn_cؖ5pj$#~^ZQlԁn?~ϧK|p5ݬ(*-mA#@[w=v5i2LQ=F~RBkR$W?MŪFf4f>#YwO+ 0! mR`8tOxZf1#X #5}4[jBl9kڌY3+؟quT1 }'@~w @,ڻO:}]gy& ^fzȮHBVzZsUnƒ|14F@22`QZVn8bWCHxܟxf{CǬj6&s,tRyy06(I5~_Ϥ>q~l ę (dq]5m[l3}\8MU1F(;ʑ\&zP=TiMb;( yQ_5K-?/M\]<& ]O?i*M׋GBZMyj q~XeW2nO7"LWt+@3W ZziL$9횾/}MtGVFj4iԅARf7@ezԸK}sl( x 8@s #-SG h*gnM,VQ&2螫W|^̗ \ d,o!65Яjʱt@4|j*~^4PqR2JtQNNhz< pfYf՝Y¥aR?ό2na gW& /ÇrӓffJ=Z D;Zs#AZuYFy_)џԷMGH+qǴ:b0xuaNxtsuV _jP :GnR|J SFYuޗ w)A>=22'=UYG@B$h8vW8\aZzw/ǯs:) |Q㦻/Tש"?Zz̓2RzZgi(M`bXI #5}4[jB"ijDU3'ޝ)Ab4]hxmxVm$*'( y;n,3]&pٳۚ"b*r?6ALU8Q*|Le, ԰Vr=<;!@|l񏚲??fe_((H]Cb-VFrVG5v?+`#_g߿vz~+|MB?Wr<"*I>0 iR'r hGa_- |qt:aL`w(>rWQ*-r9 R2ֲ9DSI$)xVFj4iԅִmmqȦQFD;x*5冨bQU9qt@3Қt @!8/Όωt#ۆ1@ K,Ua]cᾔTp^O:_/ɚ6` dG7v.m(}OSmM^=b%/:filugb6ؼq"tQ?LgIGC3VDR XG7ͦ"}O z0hfe_(Vnid4Ԇ$էDn#hG~8K}0;b}IKepf_@DKM3aHψ idtҁYZ>wbiڡ>-Xye%"vktt44hEDg@yfp FMOJcB%_r8ZB3kSC]3/5z0EPQ;FQUepp}$u{"U@,mR`8tOxZB!XwkZaFOfk[M]-gzԸK}S6MM>|:@n6e6zP p _nיִқ|+_Wx߲MhO~y@_~;|@;L7y=/{ql⥛2w+wd-ʑJ׻=.[1˨*E0`]l[5eUNjSZp++((Nh$gMRQ0KTwfYpҺ44Ͱykڶ6fpdM}$_C[/qgƸ46t;*xw?ikuZTnpv@1;@s tVFbgU3|sbo?|o?}#zAo^| yF{osQ]f-QT0RS]tr}x2c1 Z麱b48@ Όωt/Z n訔 t|q5m[l3}\8"1ĺ=F,4WM?_7q΋8ӢDk.WZ YjxnBV@4h=t|qfY|XQ?JO5MR!s )W0HɰBÁ 18V5UM ̇<(GrM{/:NچHeTeN|+FO>38\v|g]`A?i}Vf@mw@K:OoQut0P鸣V>rQzx$c xJ{s6@'ǰ`1,:_ *=nWaL)hd .@W<gu{\MeUT*:XIfcMYo qAG!=3BZ9=ak3B=U~l ę ($lA*|5h' ԰Vr=<;f <襵a+{\鏼5|,y u = XQ[rde4e|w_]K~o~m?WQBzaӟX6Mp8>髐@)7=)%`N t_N󊣒`y+Ms4!@%Q?Y%VӤVSzf,m6tчGYHeTeN`+8bs>WLe@H:USmC./?c}&&F9];,Gakڶ6fpd0wˬIj3 fά@4R~XeK@8bsP4A/n*. Us{xjU9FA%`_ʻ"Iۍpwz%E"G*WDx._J/h:\p:?ZC݊4'ó*F<#:4PqR2@g79voˑZf5/zB(&fMA8ފgm_WziL,Q\GqYhbmj&WY:/sJx{̉ VLM*tO$@+aP$Mb 8rr"@Ubh>Mm5ugûm]&Ng7v8o'l,o10՟tüόQe?פ'' :UZGϣW\Ịs&0Fβ䎯eGLzϟKy-T|4U:M((2Z&*{{RUn (#_3*3s Țf ›>GE.`8hZe>tA9ȀOVn8bW# rܟxf{CǬj6&+7[0Ƶ=T'n:)ŴP 땫^IIxR.|ε0I˯߼~L7}oʮǽpi)ne5ImF,QݙȚYMO0HɰB38yh6vr 3w&yzZ~(_5K-?/M\ Ҙbc@t:ٱ?@?JixOmqhw*1H@&ֶ3[><{:t@}d* yd:zUUt5eI?rؕl; ^_^KۮV[A? Z4M6hVe{I蠫WWC-Wnz'uo} [ pU% +WS0HH[V\  S[rJ\>Z86k=Ǥ"@$8ͣ5m[l3}\8RD@o?|o?}Bz/~Cd{:W5MZ(}E#Ʈm+a3HwTIgV'n"4d]ti(V@t@,YϛY/W+wQHS\S*ϔ@;M`8Z{?P8gW맟h wXOYD J:jVW:LL/xFӂ HށGaM/e+ :H>'ֶas}AO ԟiyf돦iݦ=@:8y x 8|5z8zRБ 4,`G<t}o0@? ֭ZgFUfAt$̳|U6(z5e H"XS@; xd&;zw2@ɷ5nkߔ5ݷV~vkڶ6fpdWA_#@,Y]T]wZ3|x꩹Y $!:n_r<冲 i,ǃmWUXCgAwT0m͍te _(gF=/ x:"=.MFZ>ê.fwid冸@E^yHvH`Zh@,:% '#m-kjOa'ۭid‘]ާj`܈Z=oɴk\WkͱkUQv2 `5nkߔ5*E$UЊ%*7gG+<'dPso}e1y>ы㫗o_螟|ǿW4+n~tדkhb*|,cc$dXE!!y&]=EÔtp {eVę;/\Ora'H{m$DugV {5ge%_p! =O! )ܽ tOTaB{IY4f] lX%EN\{`sϲ<N7MVFj4iԅAÿ4@,;oz=UGS ZѼJX@30Zwߓ:)@7-yxSo- Ua"+^oU%%d|a+ZgFUfA R ĿKHeTeν3"_8ͣ|Z. %@4uW͵jk؄g@ 5.@wWs?֕ hTO|Pbgqhˏ(0HH[ˎ+2) SInpC4 Z<E5羷'=aP$Mb /,(s#X #5}4[jBl9ӣMw_zH[>|r>[lijF*-r"Ö6tLtӆC6y@kYYpRrd){V\@xiIj3 fά`?Qoz~TǪT[-^Ol=*Ft?u q&* t@:X8hZe>tA9h3ƮMMƱ? ZH'g*hۃ2"?H6 R2{G?hKB%j>l@r,DoGxiSuMMdG` ^̗ \ d,o!:=yufTexNY< 9E֞k8Z-i!SH [ WD vU~1"N3M vy$ ~qVOԙc+*h珄"׋#7q΋8Ӣ$XLF[GylVb\č:r7^o駟q{r0:[]k|:/ &?6It*1H@&ֶ3g̵l)-eMRQ0KTwferCX{~Npʑ?0?7 qc_ho@ԯ64q*bq33:fTS}5Yٽ3gnX͉Aޗ1ſn8ۃ0M=4+ ~ uT@ZسV(kf(N硻uy'XaP a&e ӈX@,(t'C+ilm = 5Oc.t>鱛~7M~y9>t{S2pfdXEq@kMm\Upm-+,zRKE\F46b:r; ZUu3*7*ziX(I2-ʴ|:ٳ\j(A% pk{jO=,֦/4OW{BZIcbp^# E>((җ jSנ:bZȚ6` dʵtT@| '#mOZ|F}b"u #@^SCm2?keW. y~h1-1m6gVup -@K2 n෺ 8.#B s;o: 7pf=u-E9k9Znz=Gc7N9'WGIVזT]Zv\ 6y4qLLYznQ6Áf8?~_f;_L_n2axHoKM{z"VI:erth`YR:KI%Xb-C?G~8\ }D(*0HH[L\e?ؚM>.IshVܞ v{\k^F*6?FaQ/ Y= H4/J=V6³9H<Ԟ+{:YM#gzԸK}s_ҔkbZT6.Olj-0 3Bspݳ]E !nGH|puy:@4-rUr?2}]WI ;-kڌY3+-Q~]t`P3{8Yz*Iq:,ERR thЏN *5cpwߓ(E?iiCQM60ZiEZ'm&oM&L/z޿8wy(;ɐeѤ_^JiFI14eM$蠓&罛a/ϬY?֣Mw_zڬ:>I!׳a寚m,<;& /v9gA]@wG5|SCduOյ+7:lSCcp[D'=aP$Mb ԟ78^VP;iZaFOfk[M]G&Gg;h"5t"5sW0Wi :n o갤[ph677sU Qp:5TwYˌW *bc ݱ ʍt_qhq"_M? r_RU:֋/qӓrZv4 t*~wo֙Q9qnmSOEHbzz!\^ƒ|ɦHݥ~˰L՗/g밇P_Swpn\,mR`8 Sſ&ÙZSk|B>`B Zќxbqx?kXfcK{lSg.&.ur.`4Ks-'O}\_lM_O !W̨8H7?` }5 VAeTe~ӓje6ecWfvtb5 =<Ԟ+{:YM#/uat/(\^*7M6䋓Yqf^8q#\Rid}U?{&MO8 &gzԸK}S4{`/,El]Ea _ ])̕8Æ$j)@{#@9#c,oGvp,3J2=jt׾_;SO$O~acX8Ԯ].P@z < IA3-<`G*)j5A]Hjoh̎HqoGώ/ga '9'I֋ēMkp }4@ %u"hyx7-F@G6Ij3 fά`B2I蜣lSe+ >sǃ8LMDφC:ۍY,xN;MtC:d( R2@|>RO8a=Vnȸqq&g䏆(`Q0 J1yJ0 F9fy&E%F&ף` њK__!<@-?D'3(J!/3 $(_W[Z5z(j+L k 23 High Canine Assaults By Breed: High States & Stats – Insurance Info News
Home Pets Insurance 23 High Canine Assaults By Breed: High States & Stats

23 High Canine Assaults By Breed: High States & Stats

0
23 High Canine Assaults By Breed: High States & Stats
[ad_1]

To maintain the lights on, we obtain affiliate commissions through a few of our hyperlinks. Our assessment course of.

Proudly owning a canine is an excellent privilege and an enormous accountability. Together with the various optimistic advantages having a canine companion brings. Sadly, some occurrences, like bites and assaults, might be scary. Some breeds are extra vulnerable to biting than others, and house owners should concentrate on this. Canine assaults occur for a wide range of causes. Circumstances, possession, care, and genetics all play a task. We focus on canine assaults by breed and get into the main points house owners must know.

agressive dog trying to attack a person

Canine Chunk And Assault Statistics By Breed

There are some breeds, many bigger ones, recognized for aggression. These breeds are inclined to assault extra. Folks usually develop a worry of those pups primarily based on popularity alone. Many are misunderstood, and not each canine that may be a recognized aggressive breed will assault. Nevertheless, it’s clever to concentrate on the breeds that assault essentially the most. Let’s have a look at some canine assault statistics by breed. We now have listed these beginning with the breeds most recognized for attacking.

1. Pitbull

Pitbulls are by far the canine most related to biting and assaults. They’re additionally the breed related to essentially the most deadly assaults on people. The time period Pitbull can apply to a number of breeds, together with the American Pitbull Terrier, American Bully, American Bulldog, American Staffordshire Terrier, and the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, amongst others.

Pitbulls are liable for extra deadly assaults than every other canine. At present, practically 18 million Pitbull or Bully canine are owned within the U.S. This breed is commonly related to aggression as they had been lengthy raised and bred as combating canine.

Pitbulls usually inflict extra extreme and sophisticated wounds than different breeds once they assault. A research executed by Ohio State College’s Wexner Medical Heart checked out 15 years of canine chunk data. Pitbulls had been liable for 22.5% of reported bites within the research. From 2013 to 2021, Pitbulls had been reported as essentially the most biting breed in 20 states. In 2022 Pitbulls had been liable for 41 assault deaths within the U.S.

In response to the research, Pitbulls, blended breeds, and canine weighing between 66 and 100 kilos, with heavy, broad heads and brief muzzles, are most probably to assault folks. Different analysis estimates that Pitbulls had been concerned in roughly 3,400 assaults and killed no less than 235 folks within the U.S. from 2014 by way of 2020.

Whereas Pitbulls have a better chunk price and fatality price once they assault people than all different breeds, Pitbulls and Pitbull mixes are the one most abused breed on this nation. They proceed to be illegally bred and skilled for combating and are sometimes saved in inhumane, merciless situations. This remedy results in extra aggression, which suggests a better probability of assault. Pitbulls are additionally among the many high breeds to fill animal shelters and rescues.

2. Rottweilers

Rottweilers are one other canine recognized for aggression. This massive-bodied pup is liable for extra assaults than most different breeds excluding Pitbulls and Pitbull mixes. The 2 breeds collectively are liable for 77 to 80% of all U.S. canine assaults on folks.

Rottweilers are attractive, clever animals who make for fantastic pets once they have the suitable socialization, care, train, and psychological stimulation. With out this, these canine can change into fairly aggressive. Analysis estimates that Rottweilers are liable for about 535 assaults on people during the last a number of years, inflicting no less than 51 deaths since 2005.

3. German Shepherds

German Shepherds comply with Pitbulls, Rottweilers, and blended breeds on the high of the listing for canine bites and bite-induced fatalities. This breed is energetic, clever, and well-known for its extremely protecting nature. Since 2016, they’ve been thought of the third breed most probably to chunk. German Shepherds are estimated to have brought about no less than 15 deaths within the U.S. in people since 2014. They’ve been reported in near 120 assaults. German Shepherds are fairly robust, so a chunk may cause injury from gentle puncture wounds all the way in which to extreme muscle injury.

German Shepherds don’t like strangers and, if not correctly socialized, can change into extraordinarily aggressive with folks they have no idea. This pup is extra more likely to chunk strangers than many different breeds. Nevertheless, they’re much less innately aggressive than the Rottweiler or Pitbull.

4. Presa Canario/Dogo Canario

The Presa Canario was developed to have protecting, aggressive instincts. That attribute has stayed with them. This breed will trigger injury and vital ache once they chunk. They’ll assault each kids and adults and are extremely suspicious of each different canine and other people. The Presa is bigger than the Pitbull and has a hefty load of tooth. Their giant, heavy heads and highly effective jaws may cause vital harm.

When Presa Canarios get aggressive, it may be laborious to cease them. The quantity of harm they’ll do is kind of extreme. They’re thought of the 4th or fifth most probably canine to assault. There’s low possession of the breed, no less than within the U.S. The incidence of bites with Presas is excessive, which means they’re very more likely to chunk. These breeds are liable for about 111 assaults and 18 deaths from 2014 by way of 2020.

Bites that aren’t deadly usually finish in extreme harm and everlasting disfigurement. The Presa Canrio just isn’t a pup for households or inexperienced house owners. They don’t seem to be secure to have round kids or smaller animals like cats.

5. Chihuahua

The tiny but mighty Chihuahua won’t instantly pop into your thoughts as a pup inclined to chunk. Regardless of their tiny measurement, the Chi can change into fairly aggressive. Some listing this pint-sized pup because the most probably to chunk. Due to their small measurement and a restricted quantity of harm, they’ll do, Chihuahua strikes are much less usually reported than different breeds just like the Pitbull or Rottweiler. The reality is that Chihuahuas are some of the aggressive canine breeds round. They change into very territorial, growly, bark, nip, and snap with their tooth. Chis don’t differentiate between kids and adults. In some instances, they may even go after different pets.

Chihuahuas are recognized to snap at adults, kids, and even the vet. As a result of they’re so small, and their bites hardly ever inflict a whole lot of injury, the Chi will get left off many aggressive animal lists. As a result of they’re so small lots of their bites most likely go unreported. It has been discovered that Chihuahuas are much more aggressive than Pitbulls, with a remarkably excessive probability of biting people. Whereas these bites hardly ever proved deadly, together with Chihuahuas on the listing of breeds most probably to chunk is important.

As a result of so many Chihuahua bites go unreported, there may be doubtless a considerable quantity greater than the information reveals. A 2009 research confirmed that Chihuahuas had been liable for 4.2% of canine bites on kids. This breed is extra more likely to snap at kids than, for instance, the Rottweiler, which has rather more intimidating chunk statistics. There has solely ever been one fatality attributed to a Chihuahua assault recorded in america. This occurred someday between 2005 and 2017, and the particular particulars of that incident are confidential. It’s believed {that a} Chihuahua chunk could have brought about one other potential fatality in 2018, however as nobody witnessed that occasion, there isn’t a option to know for certain.

6. Combined Breed

Combined canines account for numerous canine assaults. From 2005 by way of 2019, blended breeds have been liable for 27 human deaths in america.

7. Wolf Hybrid

Wolf Hybrids are one other breed extra vulnerable to biting than others. In some instances, this is because of their distinctive mix of untamed and home genes. These hybrids are inclined to have larger looking instincts and terribly robust prey drives. They will change into aggressive. From 2005 by way of 2019, this breed killed 19 folks and was reported in no less than 85 assaults.

8. Bulldogs

Bulldogs, particularly the American and English Bulldogs, additionally make the listing of attack-prone breeds. Since 2014 English Bulldogs have been reported in no less than 20 assaults. They’ve been the reason for no less than one human loss of life in that point. American Bulldogs have been reported in 16 deaths from 2005 by way of 2019.

9. Siberian Husky

Siberian Huskies are undeniably stunning. They’re additionally very nippy. From 2014 by way of 2020, Huskies have brought about 26 deaths of people in america. They’ve been reported in no less than 83 assaults. 13 of these deaths occurred between 2016 and 2020.

10. Akita

Akitas are a uncommon breed to seek out and are fairly exceptional in look and character. Nevertheless, they are often aggressive and should chunk. From 2014 by way of 2020, Akitas had been indicated in no less than 8 fatalities and 70 assaults.

11. Boxer

The Boxer is a regal breed however does have a popularity for being a biter. These canine are clever, extremely energetic, and have a powerful prey drive. Boxers have been related to 7 human deaths and 64 reported assaults within the final ten years.

12. Chow Chow

Chow Chows usually are not listed as doubtlessly harmful canine, however that doesn’t imply they don’t chunk or assault. This breed might be fairly aggressive. They’ve been reported in 61 assaults and eight deaths since 2014. Chows are defensively aggressive, don’t like kids, are very territorial, and are dominant. They could look fluffy and candy, however the Chow is vulnerable to assault once they really feel threatened. Their response to most issues is aggression.

13. Labrador Retriever

In response to some analysis, Labrador Retrievers are as more likely to be liable for an assault as a Pitbull. That is much less attributable to breed-related aggression and extra associated to the sheer variety of those who undertake Labradors. Lengthy one in all America’s most beloved breeds, the Lab can inflict appreciable injury in the event that they chunk or assault. They usually are related to extra bites on kids to a better prevalence of households proudly owning Labs. Labradors had been liable for 3 human deaths and 56 reported assaults from 2014 by way of 2020.

14. Nice Dane

The majestic Nice Dane is a big sweetheart however does have a hefty chunk and assault potential. The Nice Dane just isn’t thought of harmful and is understood to be light, however their sheer measurement makes them appear extra formidable than they’re. This breed has brought about 3 deaths and 37 reported assaults in virtually ten years.

15. Australian Shepherds

The Australian Shepherd is much less more likely to chunk than others on our listing and has a excessive protecting intuition. The defensive drive can result in aggression. The Aussie has been liable for 1 loss of life and 38 assaults from 2014 by way of 2020.

16. Dobermans

Dobermans are sometimes related to biting and attacking. Although they aren’t listed on harmful breed lists, they’ve a popularity for being aggressive. The Doberman was as soon as raised as a protector for the tax man and bred to be protecting. They preserve these loyal instincts. Dobermans have been concerned in 23 assaults and eight deaths from 2014 by way of 2020.

17. Mastiff

Mastiffs are big and fairly intimidating. They don’t seem to be recognized to be aggressive, nor are they usually listed as harmful. Nevertheless, inexperience, insufficient coaching, and worry can result in assaults and aggression. Mastiffs have been liable for 5 deaths and 28 reported assaults from 2014 by way of 2019.

18. Cane Corso

The Cane Corso is unpredictable and fewer frequent than another breeds. They’re much less more likely to assault and usually are not a part of the aggressive breed listing. Nevertheless, the Cane Corso has been reported in no less than 21 assaults and a couple of deaths.

19. Alaskan Malamute

Alaskan Malamutes usually are not overtly aggressive. Most of their strikes are on kids and occur at residence. They’ve been related to no less than 6 deaths and 15 assaults within the final a number of years.

20. Saint Bernard

The Saint Bernard is giant, lovable, and good-natured however can nonetheless assault. They’ve been reported in no less than 12 assaults and one loss of life within the final decade or so.

21. Golden Retriever

The unforgettable Golden Retriever is a household favourite for good cause. One other extremely well-liked pooch with youngsters, Goldens, are well-known for his or her candy nature. Because of the excessive variety of households that personal them, bites and aggressive occasions can occur. Goldens are related to three deaths and 11 assaults on people in america during the last decade.

22. Lhasa Apso

This little pup could not appear to be a biter, however the Lhasa Apso is legendary for its nippy conduct. The Lhasa Apso has a weaker chunk drive however can nonetheless inflict some injury. The Lhasa Apso usually bites to manage or direct their proprietor slightly than out of aggression, however when provoked or biting aggressively, they’ll trigger vital harm. They want coaching from a younger age to not chunk.

23. Jack Russell Terrier

When not correctly skilled, this feisty pup will get bitey. The Jack Russell Terrier is never aggressive, however if not skilled, this biting can change into an issue. Jack Russell’s bites hardly ever trigger a lot injury, in order that they doubtless go unreported.

Most Canine Bites By Breed – Most Canine Assaults By Breed

It’s laborious to get precise numbers on this, as many bites are from unknown, blended, or misidentified breeds. Together with that, many individuals don’t report bites from smaller canine or these that don’t trigger a lot injury. One option to decide what breeds assault essentially the most is to have a look at insurance coverage data. This consists of insurance coverage claims for medical remedy associated to canine bites or assaults and data on canine legal responsibility insurance coverage claims.

  1. Pitbulls are thought of the breed most probably to chunk, adopted by blended breeds, German, Shepherds, and Rottweilers.
  2. Chihuahuas are fairly aggressive and chunk usually, although most assaults go unreported attributable to inflicting little or minor injury.
  3. A reasonably uncommon affliction (occurring in lower than 1% of canine) known as Rage Syndrome can have an effect on some breeds. Rage Syndrome is a sudden, unpredictable, extraordinarily intense onset of aggression. Breeds affected embrace the Cocker Spaniel, Pekingese, Papillion, Bull Terriers, Lhasa Apso, English Springer Spaniels, Doberman Pinscher, St Bernards, German Shepherds, Bernese Mountain Canine, and extra.

Unprovoked Canine Assault By Breed

Whereas some breeds, like Pitbulls, are extra vulnerable to aggression or biting, the reality is an unprovoked canine assault can occur in any breed or blended canine. In response to the ASPCA, 70% of canine bites come from unneutered males.

Particularly, the American Pitbull Terrier is claimed to be some of the harmful breeds in America and worldwide. They’re the breed most related to unprovoked aggression and biting. Pitbulls and Rottweilers are liable for 77% of all canine bites.

Please do not forget that most bites outcome from scenario and coaching, not breeding alone. Judging a breed primarily based on chunk and assault statistics might be extraordinarily simple. Loads of harmful canine are loving and secure pets however will need to have correct coaching and care.

What Canine Has The Strongest Chunk?

The Kangal has the strongest chunk drive. A Kangal has a chunk drive of 743 PSI. We assessment another breed’s chunk forces. Do not forget that chunk drive performs a task in assault severity however just isn’t the one issue. Pitbulls, the breed most related to bites, have a chunk drive of 240 PSI. Be taught extra about what canine bites essentially the most and extra canine chunk statistics by breed in our canine chunk statistics article.

Dog bite statistics infographic

Why Canine Assault

Canines assault for a wide range of causes. They will assault folks and different canine, cats, and smaller pets. Whereas nobody needs to image the lovable, fluffy household pet as a vicious assault canine, typically even essentially the most well-behaved canine can chunk.

Most frequently, a canine will chunk or assault as a result of they really feel threatened. Biting is a option to defend themselves, puppies, or belongings like toys, treats, and meals. When the assault is focused towards one other canine, it’s usually fueled by a territory situation, jealousy, or a scarcity of coaching and socialization. Typically this may be associated to gender, frustration, and even worry. In some instances, these assaults are triggered by aggression.

The drive to chunk is an innate canine intuition, current in all breeds, even these fluffy pint-sized fluff balls that many people love. Greater canine are usually extra related to biting and attacking as a result of they’re stronger, however some smaller breeds might be fairly aggressive.

Why Canine Assault Folks

In 2018 canine bites had been the thirteenth reason behind non-fatal emergency physician visits in america. On common, there are 900+ canine chunk emergency visits every single day.

Canine can activate and assault their house owners, human relations, and strangers. Many instances, that is triggered by worry. Assaults also can outcome from aggression between canine in the identical home.

Ache and sickness also can set off an aggressive response from canine. The frustration and discomfort of the ache may cause even essentially the most well-behaved canine to lash out at their house owners or strangers.

Canine Assaults Can Be Deadly

Whereas it’s laborious to consider, some canine assaults may cause excessive injury and even be deadly to the particular person or different animal they assault. In response to the World Animal Basis, one in 112,400 canine assaults is deadly.

In 2022, 63 folks died from canine assaults in america. In america, kids ages 5 by way of 9 have a a lot larger threat than anybody else and have the best incidence of canine chunk accidents.

Since 2016 over 65 breeds have been concerned in deadly assaults. These embrace purebred and blended breeds.

Private Expertise With A Canine Assault

My son was attacked by a Chow Chow after we had been strolling residence from faculty. He was 7 years previous on the time and really a lot favored canine. This was an animal that lived on the identical block as us, and we might stroll by it and the proprietor frequently. We regularly mentioned whats up and petted the pup, with permission and supervision from the proprietor.

On his stroll residence from faculty, the Chow was outdoors along with his proprietor, as he was most days. We walked by and stopped to speak, my son requested to pet the canine, and the proprietor mentioned it was okay. When the Chow bought over to my son, he bit his hand as my son reached out to pet him.

It was a chunk that punctured the pores and skin and bruised rather a lot. We went for medical remedy and needed to report the chunk. After talking to the house owners, they made the heartbreaking option to put the animal down. A day prior, the Chow was overly aggressive with the mail provider and had been exhibiting some odd behaviors. After talking with their vet, they determined that was your best option. The house owners didn’t wish to threat the Chow biting one other youngster, particularly since my son was aware of him and, previous to that, had no situation.

The place The Most Canine Assaults Occur

In response to analysis executed by the United States Postal Service, aggressive canine assaults occur extra regularly in California, Texas, and New York, however assaults happen all around the nation. In 2019 there have been 5803 canine assaults reported in opposition to postal staff. The highest 10 states for canine bites are:

  1. California
  2. Texas
  3. New York
  4. Pennsylvania
  5. Ohio
  6. Illinois
  7. Florida
  8. Michigan
  9. Missouri
  10. North Carolina

The main states for canine fatalities are:

  1. California
  2. Texas
  3. Florida
  4. North Carolina
  5. Ohio

Do Not Concern Breeds, Be Conscious Of Them

Should you plan to undertake a canine, analysis aggressive breeds first. It’s clever to spend time with the animal first and search for aggressive behaviors. Make sure you take all the acceptable precautions and spend money on correct conduct coaching and socialization. Spay and neuter your pet, which helps deter and forestall aggressive conduct. Should you undertake a harmful breed, test along with your insurance coverage provider about pet legal responsibility insurance coverage. Some householders’ insurance policies additionally cowl aggressive canine. It is usually necessary to know when it’s time to rehome an aggressive canine if it’s best for everybody’s security.

The statistics supplied right here are supposed to inform, not scare. Nor are they meant to discourage possession of any canine breed. Whereas the vast majority of accident claims and assault reviews are in opposition to Pitbulls, this breed is very misrepresented and stereotyped. They don’t seem to be innately aggressive, nor will each Pitbull or Bully breed assault. Most won’t. Sadly, this breed is very abused and deserted, which means there are lots of extra stray Pitbulls, which results in a better probability of assault.

I at the moment have a 12-year-old Pitbull combine Daisy, who’s the sweetest, laziest pup I’ve ever met. I adopted Daisy from a shelter at about 8 to 10 weeks previous. She has by no means bitten or tried to chunk anybody, even when one other canine charged her. In truth, she tends to shrink back from different canine which can be aggressive. She barks loudly however has by no means bitten, snapped, and even mouthed at anybody. How a pup is raised and cared for profoundly impacts whether or not or not they may assault.

Any canine can assault or chunk, no matter breed. Even well-liked household pets, like Golden Retrievers and Labradors, may cause deadly accidents. Smaller breeds are sometimes aggressive and vulnerable to biting. Accountable canine house owners must work on socialization, correct care, medical vaccinations, a high-quality weight loss plan, and coaching with their pups from day one. When you’ve got a canine recognized to be a biter, you might wish to think about a muzzle when round different folks, tense conditions, or recognized biting triggers. You possibly can attempt a web based coaching course, non-public coaching, doggie boot camp, or a coaching collar. For some canine, a shock collar is a helpful coaching device, however all the time use these with warning. All the time have any animal that all of a sudden acts aggressively seen by the vet to rule out harm or sickness.

Tagged With:

[ad_2]

LEAVE A REPLY

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here